摘要
本文描述了改革前后中国城乡收入不平等的程度 ,考察了造成这种差距的制度和政策 ,并利用中国的经验对现存两种城市偏向形成假说的解释力作出评价。文章指出 ,中国城乡之间差距巨大 ,1 978年以前 ,利益集团压力和选民的声音在中国基本上是不存在的 ,与重工业优先发展战略相关的一整套干预政策导致了稳定的城市偏向 ;改革以后 ,城乡差距的周期性变化则主要导源于城市利益集团的压力以及传统经济体制遗留的制度障碍。政府的长期目标应该是推进要素市场的发育 ,即改变城市偏向政策和制度 ,从而缩小城乡之间的差距 ,达到长期的目标———资源配置效率最大化。
The authors discuss the income gap between urban and rural areas of China before and after the reform; they look at the institutions and policies responsible for this gap, and assesses the two theories of the reasons for the bias towards the cities. According to the authors, there is a wide income gap between urban and rural areas in China. During the period from the founding of New China to 1978, interest groups and voters had hardly any voice, and a series of government policies giving priority to the development of heavy industries were introduced, which led to a steady bias towards the cities. Since the initiation of the reform, cyclical fluctuations in the income gap have resulted because of pressure from interest groups in the cities, and institutional obstacles left over from the traditional economic system.The long-term objective of the government is to foster the growth of the production elements market and gradually abandon the bias towards the cities, in order to narrow the gap between urban and rural areas and optimize resource allocation.
出处
《中国社会科学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2000年第4期11-22,共12页
Social Sciences in China
