摘要
通过三个实验分析比较同一篇文本前后两次阅读过程中每个句子的阅读时间,探讨汉语文本阅读中的重复获益效应。结果发现:(1)汉语文本阅读中存在重复获益效应,并且被试倾向于对没有标题的文章命名;(2)产生重复获益效应的重要因素是在阅读过程中建立良好的情境模型;(3)当前后两篇文本的情境内容高度相关时,主要是情节重复效应影响文本阅读,当情境内容低相关时,抽象重复效应将影响文本的阅读。
Text reading is one of the most complex and unique human cognitive activities and is also an important source of information. By repetition effect or reading benefit we mean that when a word or text is read twice, the reading time generally decreases during the second occurrence, because memory of the first occurrence facilitates reprocessing during the second occurrence. Because repetition effects provide a sensitive, implicit measure of the content and structure of memory, much research has been devoted to understanding the source of text repetition effects. In the present study, three experiments explored the levels of text representation that mediate text repetition effects in Chinese, fol- lowing the Raney~ context dependent continuum model. Participants read a set of short passages, each twice in succession. Experiment 1 examined whether there had repetition benefits in reading. The results showed that there had been repetition benefits in reading, and people tended to name a title to the text. In Experiment 2 , four passages＇ sentences were disrupted to form a bad situation model. The magnitude of the repetition benefit supported predictions of Raney~ model, indicating that the ease of forming a situation model contribu- ted to the magnitude of the reprocessing benefit. In addition, representations organized around a good situation model were more sensi- tive to changes than were representations formed from reading without a good situation model. Two new factors were added to Experiment 3：paired related passages and interval condition. The results of experiment 3 did not support the suggestion that the surface form and textbase are bound to a well-developed situation model, thereby limiting repetition effects to similar linguistic contexts. Rather, the na- ture of the repetition benefits in the present series of experiments are better explained by the degree of overlap between passages at each of the three levels of text representation. The findings of this study suggest that there is a repetition benefit in Chinese reading, and a good situation model is an important factor in producing the repetition benefits. Overall, the experiments reported here suggest that Raney~ model can make a substantial con- tribution to explanations of how texts are represented in memory and how these representations can be recruited to the services of in- creased reading fluency. The result of experiment 3 is not totally in line with Raney＇s context-dependent representation model, and we think abstract and episodic accounts are also key factors affecting text reading. The results of these experiments provide preliminary sup- port for the idea that the degree of overlap at each level of representation determines how much of a repetition benefit there is between passages. But understanding the source of text repetition effects still needs further investigation.
出处
《心理科学》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2012年第5期1054-1059,共6页
Journal of Psychological Science
基金
国家社会科学基金(教育学)项目(BBA070016)
中国博士后科学基金资助项目(20090451367)
陕西省社会科学基金项目(05K002Z)
陕西师范大学优秀科技预研项目(200902008)
中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(GK200901020)的资助
关键词
重复获益效应
情境模型
文本阅读
repetition benefit, situation model, text reading
