摘要
目的对河北、江苏、海南、宁夏、黑龙江等5省农村≤15岁儿童乙肝疫苗首针及时接种、全程接种现状进行调查,分析中国农村儿童乙肝疫苗计划免疫的影响因素。方法采用多阶段随机抽样、概率与规模成比例抽样相结合的方法,在5省9个县32个村共抽取≤15岁儿童3 502人,对其乙肝疫苗计划免疫情况及主要影响因素进行问卷调查。结果 5省≤15岁儿童乙肝疫苗首针及时接种率和全程接种率分别为79.51%、94.6%;单因素分析表明,年龄、出生地点、家庭年收入等因素对首针及时接种率、全程接种率影响均有统计学意义(P=0.00);多因素logistic回归分析结果表明,儿童年龄与及时接种和全程接种均呈负相关,出生地点、家庭年收入等因素与其呈正相关;是否相信乙肝疫苗能有效预防乙肝是儿童乙肝疫苗首针及时接种的影响因素,是否听说过乙肝疫苗是儿童乙肝疫苗全程接种的影响因素。结论家庭经济状况、家人对乙肝疫苗的认知是影响儿童乙肝疫苗计划免疫实施的重要因素。
Objective To investigate the timely vaccination rate for the first dose,coverage rate of 3 doses of hepatitis B vaccine（HBV） and their influencing factors among rural children under age of 15 years in five provinces,China.Methods The combination of multi-stage random sampling and probability proportionate to size sampling（PPS） was adopted and 3 502 children under 15 years old were included in the study.A questionnaire-based household survey was conducted in 32 villages from 9 counties of five provinces.The survey collected information on hepatitis B vaccine among the children.Results The timely vaccination rate for the first dose of HBV was 79.51% and the coverage rate of 3 doses was 94.6%.The two rates declined with the increase of age.Univariate analysis revealed that age,birth place,whether being the only child in the family,parents′ educational level,household income,and household hepatitis B vaccine knowledge were significantly correlated with both timely vaccination rate for the first dose and coverage rate of 3 doses.In logistic analysis,age had a negative impact on timely vaccination;birth place,household income,mother′s educational level and whether the parents′ believing the effect of hepatitis B vaccine had a positive effect on timely vaccination;age had a negative effect on coverage rate of 3 doses;birth place,household income and whether the parents having the knowlege of hepatitis B vaccine had a positive effect on coverage rate of 3 doses.Conclusion Household economic status and parents＇ knowledge of hepatitis B vaccine are important influencing factors of hepatitis B vaccination.
出处
《中国公共卫生》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2012年第10期1300-1303,共4页
Chinese Journal of Public Health
基金
挪威研究委员会资助项目(196400/S50)
艾滋病和病毒性肝炎等重大传染病防治项目(2009ZX10002-028)
关键词
乙肝疫苗
计划免疫
农村儿童
hepatitis B vaccine
expanded program on immunization
rural children
