摘要
RNA干扰(RNAi)是生物体内源基因发生转录后特异性降解的一种生理现象,作为抵抗病毒的免疫机制,广泛存在于生物体内。RNAi在秀丽隐杆线虫中的发生机制已明确,但昆虫的系统性RNAi不同于线虫,在昆虫中尚未发现线虫跨膜蛋白SID-2的同源蛋白,且果蝇中不存在依赖于RNA的RNA聚合酶(RdRP),但存在具有相似活性的物质。昆虫发生RNAi的效率不仅与靶标基因自身及双链RNA的选择有关,而且与虫体的发育状态及摄入双链RNA的剂量相关。随着RNAi在昆虫中作用特点的阐明,RNAi的应用价值也逐渐体现。近年来,通过RNAi沉默靶标基因,不但促进了昆虫基因功能研究的发展,而且被广泛用于重要农业害虫抗药性基因的研究。最新研究表明,RNAi结合第2代测序技术,针对非模式昆虫,能迅速找到具有致死效应的靶标序列,加快了利用RNAi技术生产生物农药的步伐。
RNA interference （RNAi） is a physiological phenomenon that endogenous gene occurs specific degradation after tran- scription, which widely exists as an immune mechanism against the viruses in organisms. The core mechanism of RNAi in Cae- norhabditis elegans has been determined, but there exists an alternative systematic RNAi pathway in i＇nsects which is distinct from C. elegans. The homologous proteins of transmembrane SID-2 have not been found in insects yet, in addition, the RNA-dependent RNA Polymerase （RdRP） doesn＇t locate in Drosophila melanogaster instead of other enzymes with similar function. The efficiency of RNAi varies not only with the target genes and the choice of double-strand RNA （dsRNA）, but also with the insects＇ developmental state and the dose of of dsRNA intake. With the identification of the characteristics of RNAi in insects, the application value of RNAi has been gradually showing. In recent years, silencing the target gene by means of RNAi technology facilitates the develop- ment of gene function research. Additionally, RNAi is also widely used for the research on resistant genes in notorious pests. The lat- est study suggests that RNAi combining with the second generation sequencing technology can screen a lethal sequence to non-model insects, which speeds up the pace of producing biopesticides used for agricultural insect pests control by RNAi technology.
出处
《生物安全学报》
2012年第3期229-235,共7页
Journal of biosafety
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(31071709
31171876)
