摘要
星形胶质细胞是中枢神经系统中主要的细胞种类之一,在许多疾病过程中参与调节免疫/炎性反应。在癫痫相关病理损伤过程中可观察到星形胶质细胞的活化增殖,其在癫痫发生过程中的病理生理学作用值得我们进一步研究。在癫痫患者的脑组织中,星形胶质细胞的物理特性发生了明显改变,其中一个重要的变化就是星形胶质细胞炎性反应途径的激活。越来越多的研究表明,促炎分子可以改变胶质细胞-神经元之间的通信,导致痫性发作及痫性发作相关的神经元损伤。离体和在体研究均发现星形胶质细胞是致痫炎性信号的主要来源及作用靶点。因此,理解癫痫大脑组织中的星形胶质细胞炎性反应有助于为星形胶质细胞介导的癫痫的靶向干预策略提供新的思路。本文对星形胶质细胞在癫痫内源性免疫反应中的作用进行综述,讨论并评价耐药癫痫患者的临床研究及临床相关模型实验研究的结果,重点关注炎症反应相关通路(如白介素-1β/Toll样受体4),这些通路有可能是抗痫治疗的潜在靶点及疾病调整治疗的新策略。
Astrocytes,the major glial cell type of the central nervous system（CNS）,are known to play a major role in the regulation of the immune/inflammatory response in several human CNS diseases.In epilepsy-associated pathologies,the presence of astrogliosis has stimulated extensive research focused on the role of reactive astrocytes in the pathophysiological processes that underlie the development of epilepsy.In brain tissue from patients with epilepsy,astrocytes undergo significant changes in their physiological properties,including the activation of inflammatory pathways.Accumulating experimental evidence suggests that proinflammatory molecules can alter glio-neuronal communications contributing to the generation of seizures and seizure-related neuronal damage.In particular,both in vitro and in vivo data point to the role of astrocytes as both major source and target of epileptogenic inflammatory signaling.In this context,understanding the astroglial inflammatory response occurring in epileptic brain tissue may provide new strategies for targeting astrocyte-mediated epileptogenesis.This article reviews current evidence regarding the role of astrocytes in the regulation of the innate immune responses in epilepsy.Both clinical observations in drug-resistant human epilepsies and experimental findings in clinically relevant models will be discussed and elaborated,highlighting specific inflammatory pathways（such as interleukin-1β/toll-like receptor 4）that could be potential targets for antiepileptic,disease-modifying therapeutic strategies.c 2012Wiley Peroidicals,Inc.
出处
《神经损伤与功能重建》
2012年第5期360-366,共7页
Neural Injury and Functional Reconstruction
