摘要
目的对比2009年和2010年不同年级小学生眼球生物学参数的变化，比较眼轴长度与角膜曲率半径比值（AL／CR）大于3的人数在不同年级中所占比例的差异。方法前瞻性调查研究。选择2009年北京市羊坊店学区全部小学的一、四年级学生，跟踪检测2年。采用标准对数视力表检测远视力，采用IOLMaster测量眼球生物学参数。取右眼测量值进行分析。对数据进行独立样本t检验、配对t检验及卡方检验。结果2009年检测小学生2970例，一年级组1282例，年龄（6．44±0．52）岁；四年级组1688例，年龄（9．25±0．46）岁。2010年检测小学生2179例，2个年级分别为1210例【年龄（7．44±0．51）岁】和969例[年龄（10．25±0．48）岁]。这2个年级组学生在1年内，远视力变差（t=-15．54、-10．50，P〈0．01），眼轴变长（t=24．21、25．84，P〈0．01），眼轴／角膜曲率半径（AL／CR）变大（t=11．58、9．77，P〈0．01），差异均有统计学意义：角膜屈光力、角膜散光和角膜曲率半径的差异无统计学意义。同一年级组内的女生与男生相比，都具有较短的眼轴、较小的角膜曲率半径和较小的角膜屈光力（P均〈0．01），视力和其他眼球生物学参数表现出部分差异。四年级组2009年和2010年AL／CR〉3人数的比例高于一年级组（x^2=489．7、319．9，P〈0．01）。2010年2个年级组AL／CR〉3人数的比例高于2009年（X^2=140．2、40．1，P〈0．01）。结论小学生的视力和眼球生物学参数随年龄增长而改变。年龄越大，存在近视患病危险因素的人数比例越大，近视患病的危险性也相应增加。分析AL／CR〉3人数的比例作为评估群体近视患病危险性的筛查指标可以在以后的研究中推广。
Objective To compare the changes in oculometric parameters of students from different grades in 2009 and 2010, and to identify the distinct characteristics and proportion of students with （axial length/corneal radius） AL/CR〉3. Methods It was a prospective investigative study. All students from grades 1 and 4 from primary schools in the Yangfangdian district of Beijing were chosen for 2 years of observation （2009 and 2010）. They were examined with the standard logarithmic visual acuity （VA） chart for VA and IOL Master for ocular components. The measures for right eyes were in agreement. Data were analyzed by using independent samples t test, paired t test, and chi-square test. Results Students in grade 1 （n=1282, mean age 6.44＋0.52 years） and grade 4 （n=1688, mean age 9.25＋0.46 years） were examined in 2009; the number of corresponding grades in 2010 were 1210 （mean age 7.44＋0.51 years） and 969 （mean age 10.25＋0.48 years） respectively. From 2009 to 2010, students from grades 1 and 4 had significantly worse VA （t=-15.54, -10.50, P〈0.01）, longer axial length （AL, t=24.21, 25.84, P〈0.01） and larger AL/CR （t=11.58, 9.77, P〈0.01）, but there were no differences in K, corneal astigmatism （CA） or CR. The boys from different grades had longer AL and CR and smaller K than the girls （P〈0.01）. The proportion of students with AL/CR〉3 in grades 4 was higher than those in grades 1 （X2=489.7, 319.9, P〈0.01）, during 2009 and 2010, and the proportion of students with AL/CR〉3 in 2010 was higher than those in 2009 （X^2=140.2, 40.1, P〈0.01）. Conclusion We found that VA and oeulometric parameters were affected as children aged. As age increased, the proportion of students with myopia risk factors increased, resuhing in a corresponding increase in the development of myopia. Analysis of the proportion of people with AL/CR〉3 in different groups can be used to estimate the risk factors for myopia and can be generalized for future studies.
出处
《中华眼视光学与视觉科学杂志》
CAS
2012年第8期485-489,共5页
Chinese Journal Of Optometry Ophthalmology And Visual Science
