垂直专业化贸易如何影响了中国的就业结构? 被引量：102

How Vertical Specialization Trade Influences China's Employment Structure?

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摘要在世界经济日益全球化的背景之下,中国等发展中国家正经历着高技能劳动力需求旺盛,而低技能劳动力相对过剩的时代。但这一结果并不符合传统贸易理论的基本判断。本文基于全球化纵向"交叉协作"理论分析了垂直专业化贸易对国内就业结构的影响,并利用2004年的中国工业企业微观数据对这一机制进行实证研究。研究发现:(1)来自OECD等发达国家的中间品进口份额(VSSH)上升有助于提高中国制造业的高技能劳动力就业比例,从亚非拉等低收入国家进口中间品份额(VSSL)的增加将带来劳动力技能水平的相对下降。(2)企业出口比例的提升,尤其是一般出口显著强化了VSSH与高技能劳动力就业比例的正相关性,而加工出口则不利于这种相关性的加强。(3)资本深化与高技能劳动力就业之间具有互补关系,但以加工贸易为主的港澳台资本在一定程度上削弱了高技能劳动力的相对需求。基于理论和实证研究,本文讨论了在全球化进程中,如何成功实现国内就业结构升级的政策含义。 Under globalization, developing countries are facing strong demand for highly skilled labor and oversupply of low skilled labor, which is contradictory to traditional trade theories. This paper, based on vertical cross-collaboration theory, gives theoretical and empirical analysis to the influence of vertical specialization on China＇s labor market. Results show that：（1） Increase of vertical specialization share of OECD countries （ VSSH） causes high-skilled employment share to increase, while that of low income countries （VSSL） has the opposite effect. （2） Increase of enterprises＇ normal export share strengthens the positive correlation between VSSH and high-skilled employment share, while that of processing export share is against this correlation. （3） Capital deepening is complementary to high-skilled employment share, but HK, Macao and Taiwan capital, which is processing trade oriented, weakens the relative demand for highly skilled labor.

作者唐东波

机构地区复旦大学中国社会主义市场经济研究中心

出处《经济研究》 CSSCI 北大核心 2012年第8期118-131,共14页 Economic Research Journal

基金教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目(10JJD790009) 复旦大学重点学科创新人才培养计划上海市科技发展基金(12692191100)的慷慨资助

关键词垂直专业化贸易高技能工人就业结构全球化 Vertical Specialization Trade Highly-Skilled Worker Employment Structure Globalization

分类号 F752 [经济管理—国际贸易] F249.2 [经济管理—劳动经济] F224 [经济管理—国民经济]

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