摘要
目的探讨机械通气时呼气末正压(PEEP)对血流动力学及每搏量变异(SVV)评价容量状态准确性的影响。方法将30只健康家猪充分镇静肌松,给予机械通气,并按随机数字表法均分为正常容量、低容量和高容量组3组,5min内逐步释放20%家猪血容量建立低容量模型,输注相当于家猪20%血容量的羟乙基淀粉建立高容量模型,正常容量组不予任何处理。每组均按照随机顺序调节PEEP水平为0(PEEP0)、5(PEEP5)、10(PEEP10)和15cm H2O(PEEP15,1cm H2O=0.098kPa)。采用脉搏指示连续心排血量(PiCCO)监测心率(HR)、平均动脉压(MAP)、中心静脉压(CVP)、心排血指数(CI)、每搏量指数(SVI)、外周血管阻力指数(SVRI)、胸腔内血容量指数(ITBVI)等血流动力学指标和SVV的变化。结果正常容量组中随PEEP水平升高,HR、CVP、SVRI、SVV呈逐渐增加趋势,CI、SVI、ITBVI则呈逐渐降低趋势,均于PEEP15时达峰值或谷值,与PEEP0时比较差异有统计学意义[HR(次/min):124±18比88±12,CVP(mmHg,1mmHg=0.133kPa):11±1比8±3,SVRI(kPa·s·L^-1·m^-2):289.6±81.5比215.0±79.1,SVV:(23±6)%比(11±2)%,CI(L·min^-1·m^-2):3.1±0.8比4.3±1.4,SVI(ml·min^-1·m^-2):26±7比41±4,ITBVI(ml/m^2):440±43比491±47,均P〈0.05];而MAP无明显变化。低容量组中随PEEP水平升高,HR、CVP、SVV逐渐升高,MAP、CI、SVI、ITBVI呈下降趋势,均于PEEP15时达峰值或谷值,与PEEP0时比较差异有统计学意义[HR(次/min):146±31比115±27,CVP(mmHg):11±2比5±1,SVV:(28±4)%比(20±5)%,MAP(mmHg):90±26比115±19,CI(L·min^-1·m^-2):2.3±0.6比3.4±1.1,SVI(ml·min^-1·m^-2):20±6比31±9,ITBVI(ml/m^2):355±34比396±53,均P〈0.05];而SVRI无明显变化。高容量组中随PEEP水平升高,SVV呈逐渐增加趋势,CI、SVI、ITBVI则呈降低趋势,均于PEEP15时达峰值或谷值,与PEEP0时比较差异有统计学意义[SVV:(18±4)%比(6±2)%,CI(L·min^1·m^-2):4.5±0.9比5.0±1.2,SVI(ml·min^-1·m^-2):37±9比49±7,ITBVI(ml/m^2):473±71比565±94,均P〈0.05];而HR、MAP、CVP、SVRI无明显变化。低容量组SVV较正常容量组显著升高,而高容量组SVV则较正常容量组显著下降。正常容量组不同PEEP水平时SVV与CI呈显著负相关(rPEEP0=-0.831,rPEEP5=-0.790,rPEEP10=-0.875,rPEEP15=-0.560,P〈0.05或P〈0.01)。结论SVV能准确反映容量状态,高PEEP可能影响血流动力学及SVV监测的准确性。
Objective To investigate the influence of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) on hemodynamic and the ability of stroke volume variation (SVV) to predict cardiac preload. Methods Thirty healthy anesthetized pigs were given tracheal intubation and ventilated. With the envelope method, they were all randomly divided into control group (n = 10 ), hypovolemia group (n = 10) and hypervolemia group ( n = 10). Hypovolemia group were exsanguinated 20% blood volume within 5 minutes, hypervolemia group : additional infusion of hydroxyethyl starch equal to 20% blood volume, and control group: no intervention. In each group, ventilator settings were changed in a randomized order by changing PEEP (0, 5, 10 and 15 cm H2O, PEEP0, PEEP5, PEEP10, PEEP15, 1 cm H2O= 0.098 kPa). The changes in hemodynamic parameters, including heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), central venous pressure (CVP), cardiac index (CI), stroke volume index (SVI), systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI), intrathoracic blood volume index (ITBVI) and SVV, were monitored with a pulse-indicated continuous cardiac output (PiCCO). Results In the control group, HR, CVP, SVRI and SVV were evaluated accompanying with the increasing of PEEP, but CI, SVI and ITBVI submitted decreasing tendency. The value reached peaking or valley on the level of PEEP15, and there was significance compared with PEEP0 [HR (bpm): 124 ± 18 vs. 88±12, CVP (mm Hg, 1mmHg=0.133kPa): 11±1vs. 8±3, SVRI (kPa·s·L^-1·m^-2): 289.6 ± 81.5 vs. 215.0 ± 79.1, SVV: (23± 6)% vs. (11±2)%, CI (L·min^-1·m^-2): 3.1 ±0.8 vs. 4.3 ± 1.4, SVI (ml·min^-1·m^-2): 26 ±7 vs. 41 ±4, ITBVI (ml/m^2) : 440 ± 43 vs. 491 ± 47, all P〈0.05 ]. There was no change in MAP. In the hypovolemia group, HR, CVP and SVV were evaluated accompanying with the increasing of PEEP, but MAP, CI, SVI and ITBVI submitted decreasing tendency. The value reached peaking or valley on the level of PEEP15, and there was significance compared with PEEP0 (HR (bpm): 146±31 vs. 115 ±27, CVP (mm Hg): 11 ±2vs. 5 ± 1, SVV: (28 ±4)% vs. (20±5)%, MAP ( mm Hg ) : 90 ± 26 vs. 115 ± 19, CI ( L·min^-1·m^-2) : 2.3 ±0.6 vs. 3.4 ± 1.1, SVI (ml·min^-1·m^-2) : 20 ± 6 vs. 31 ± 9, ITBVI (ml/m^2) : 355 ± 34 vs. 396 ± 53, all P〈0.05). There was no change in SVRI. in the hypervolemia group, SVV submitted increasing tendency with the increasing of PEEP, but CI, SVI and ITBVI were in the tendency of decreasing, the value reached peaking or valley on the level of PEEP15, and there was significance compared with PEEP0 [SVV: ( 18 ± 4 )% vs. (6 ± 2)%, CI (L·min^-1·m^-2): 4.5 ± 0.9 vs. 5.0 ± 1.2, SVI (ml·min^-1·m^-2) : 37 ± 9 vs. 49 ± 7, ITBVI (ml/m^2) : 473 ± 71 vs. 565 ± 94, all P〈0.05]. There was no change in HR, MAP, CVP and SVRI. SVV was increased in the hypovolemia group compared with control group, and decreased in the hyperwolemia group. In the control group, SVV was negatively related to CI on different level of PEEP (rPEEP0=-0.831, rPEEP5=-0.790, rPEEP10=-0.875, rPEEP15=-0.560, P〈0.05 or P〈0.01 ). Conclusion SVV was a precise indicator of cardiac preload, however high PEEP may influence hemodynamic and the accuracy of SVV.
出处
《中国危重病急救医学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2012年第7期419-422,共4页
Chinese Critical Care Medicine
基金
江苏省南京市医学科技发展计划项目(ZKX0417)
关键词
呼气末正压
前负荷
容量
每搏量变异
机械通气
Positive end-expiratory pressure
Preload
Volume
Stroke volume variation
Mechanical ventilation