摘要
行政体制改革已成为我国改革事业的重要突破点,而政府层级调整则是这一领域的关键问题。本文基于跨国数据,首先实证分析了政府层级的决定因素,然后依此构造了政府层级错配变量,并检验了政府层级错配对政府效率的影响,最后论述了我国缩减政府层级的必备条件。研究发现,政府层级与国土面积、人口密度显著正相关,与一级行政区划数量显著负相关,其他变量的影响并不显著;政府层级错配确实会降低政府效率,尤其是降低行政效率和监管质量。依据国际经验,我国要减少一个政府层级,实施行政管理上的"省直管县",省级区划至少需要再增加4个。
The administrative reform has become the emphasis of China＇s reform, and the government hierarchy adjustment is the key problem in this field. Since the 1990s, some provinces of China have launched the reform of government hierarchy. The ultimate goal of the reform is to change the administrative system of ＂county administrated by city＂, reduce a government hierarchy between province and county, and implement the administrative system of ＂county administrated by province＂. However, there are a lot of debates on the reform in the communities. So what are the determinants of government hierarchy？ How to judge whether the government hierarchy is consistent with their actual conditions？ Does the mismatch of government hierarchy affect the government efficiency？ What about China？ In this paper, we firstly use the ordered logistic regression model to investigate the determinants of government hierarchy, such as territory area, demographic distribution, primary administrative division, economic development level, social governance, government efficiency, and other complex cultural, religious, historical, geographical factors. Then we constitutes the government hierarchy mismatch variable based on the regression results. The gov- ernment hierarchy mismatch is defined as the inconsistence between the reasonable hierarchy according to the country＇s actual conditions and the actual hierarchy. The concrete method is as follows. Firstly, the fitting probability equation of government hierarchy is created by the empirical regression. Then, the actual value of the determi- nants is substituted into the fitting equation to calculate the theoretical probabilities of various government hierarchies. The number to get the maximum probability is regarded as the reasonable hierarchy. Finally, we compare the actual hierarchy and the reasonable hierarchy. If they are equal, we say that there is not government hierarchy mismatch. If they are not equal, there is. Afterwards, the influence of hierarchy mismatch to government efficiency is inspected controlling the influence of economic development level, language and legal system, etc. Finally, we expound the necessary condition to reduce , urbanization level, education level the government hierarchy in China. We find that the government hierarchy is positively correlated with territory area, population density, and neg- atively correlated with the amount of primary administrative division. The government hierarchy of island country is less than that in other countries. However, the influence of other variables is not significant. The government hierarchy mismatch can really decrease the government efficiency, especially the administrative efficiency and regulatory quality. Also, the government efficiency is positively correlated with economic development level, and the government efficiency of English-speaking countries is higher than that of other countries. If China wants to carry out the reform of ＂county directly administrated by province＂ to decrease the government hierarchy, four provincial divisions should be increased at least. The relationships of government hierarchy, primary administrative division and government efficiency are complicated. The adjustment of provincial administrative divisions is not a simply problem to divide the large province into small provinces. We must seriously consider the complex factors of population, ethnic origin, natural environment, geographical condition, transportation, and history. It must be adapted to the needs of regional politics, economy, culture and sustainable development, and achieve the best adjustment effect through the smallest adjustment. Even so, the adjustment of administrative divisions is a huge project, and we also need a more systematic, careful, and scientific proves. This paper just provides an international experience and reference to the reform.
出处
《经济管理》
CSSCI
北大核心
2012年第7期163-172,共10页
Business and Management Journal ( BMJ )
基金
中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金"我国地方政府的行为
绩效及其激励机制研究"(10wkpy19)
广东省软科学项目"政府层级改革的经济绩效及其地方适应性研究"(2011B070300042)
关键词
政府层级
层级错配
政府效率
省直管县
government hierarchy
hierarchy mismatch
government efficiency
county directly administrated by province
