摘要
以近十几年来备受关注的外来植物入侵为背景,综述关于入侵植物在我国分布和入侵能力及其相关因素的研究进展,并探讨了未来研究需要加强的几个方面。不同起源地的入侵植物在我国分布区域不一样,在控制了起源地的作用后,入侵植物主要分布在经济较发达、人为活动较多的省份或地区(大尺度),以及干扰较严重的生境(小尺度)。入侵能力强的多年生植物常有强大的无性繁殖能力、高光合速率和资源利用效率、强化感作用、以及适应异质生境的能力;起源于美洲的入侵能力强的1年生植物常能产生大量的易传播的种子、可自交亲和、强化感作用等;起源于欧亚大陆的入侵能力强的1年生植物常与作物非常相似,在农田中危害严重。未来需要研究干扰促进入侵的机制、化感作用与野外实际情况相结合研究、化感物质通过改变土壤微生态环境间接促进入侵的机制研究、1年生和多年生外来植物的入侵能力与其物种特性之间的关系、以及加强对弱入侵性外来植物的预警研究。这些研究不仅能使我们深入理解外来植物发生入侵和危害的规律,也可为入侵植物的防控和管理提供科学依据。
Based on the development of widely-concerned issue about exotic plant invasions in recent decades, this paper summarizes the research progress on factors determining the distribution and invasiveness of invasive plants in China, and proposes several key points that should be emphasized in future research. It has been found that invasive plants from different geographical origins are distributed in different provinces of China. Once the geographical origins established, invasive plants are mainly distributed in provinces with fast economic development and frequent human activities at the large spatial scale, and in habitats with strong disturbance at the small spatial scale. Highly invasive perennial plants are usually clonal plants from America, which possess some typical characteristics including high photosynthetic rate and resource-use efficiency, strong allelopathic effects, and ability in adapting to heterogeneous environments. The highly invasive annuals from America typically produce large amounts of seeds, are self-compatible, and have strong allelopathic effects. The highly invasive annuals from Eurasia usually are very similar with crops in morphology, and cause severe harm to agricultural fields. Future research needs to explore how disturbances at both large and small spatial scales promote invasions, the direct and indirect effects of allelopathy in the field, the relationship between species traits and invasiveness of annuals and perennials, and the potential invasiveness of current weak invaders. These studies may not only help us to further understand the mechanisms underlying exotic plant invasions, but also provide a scientific foundation for control of current invasions and prevention of future invasions.
出处
《生态环境学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2012年第5期977-985,共9页
Ecology and Environmental Sciences
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(31071699)
公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201103027)
科技部国际合作项目(2011DFB30040)
中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费(No.2012hzs1J007-1)
关键词
入侵植物
分布
入侵能力
干扰
物种特性
化感
防控
invasive plants
distribution
invasiveness
disturbance
species traits
allelopathy
prevention and control
