摘要
据近年来调查 ,大熊猫的种群数量 ,以岷山和邛崃山最多 ,各约有 30 0余只 ;秦岭约有 2 0 0余只 ;凉山约有10 0余只 ;大小相岭不足 40只 ,总数约 10 0 0只 .它们对栖息地生境的选择 ,各山系有共性 ,也有差异 ,但它们总是选择既能降低能量的消耗 ,又能获得营养价值较高的能量净收益 .应用DNA指纹技术 ,对大熊猫遗传多样性的研究 ,5个山系由高至低顺序为 :邛崃山 -岷山 -秦岭 -凉山 -相岭 .应用种群生存力分析的一些原理和方法 ,借助漩涡模型 ,在不考虑灾变和近亲抑制的理想状态下 ,各山系大熊猫种群呈稳中有降的趋势 ,相岭可能在近半个世纪 ,有绝灭的危险 .目前大熊猫栖息工程已启动 ,保护区已增至 2 9个 ,80 %的栖息地已受到保护 ,随着天然林停止采伐 ,植树造林扩大栖息地 ,建立绿色“走廊” ,减少人为干扰 ,控制灾害性因素 ,减缓下降趋势将成为可能 .
According to investigation in recent years,there are more than 300 giant pandas in Qionglai mountain and Mingsan mountain respectively ,more than 200 in Qingling mountain;more than 100 in Liangsan mountain and less than 40 in Daxiang ling and Xiao xianglig mountains,and the total is 1 000 or so.There are different and common characters of the gaint panda on their selection to habitat in different mountains.The giant pandas always select the place where they can both reduce consumption of energy and get net income of energe of high value nourishment.DNA fingerprint has been applied to study genentic diversity on the giant pandas in the five mountains,and from high to low the order shows as follows:Qionglai mountain-Mingsan mountain-Qingling mountain-Langsan mountain-Xiangling mountain. Some theories and methods of population viability analysis are applied,and with the help of Vortex Model and without considering mutation and rlative restraint,population of giant panda on the whole keeps some reduction in the stability in different mountains,but it is possible for the giant pandas in Xiangling mountain to become extinct within neatly half one century.Habitat project of giant panda has heen started at present,and reserve has reached 29 and percent 80 habitat has been protected.Now forest has been prohibited to fell,green corridor has been set up,human interference has been reduced,disastrous elements have been controled;Under such circumstances it is possible to slow down the tendency of reduction.
出处
《四川师范学院学报（自然科学版）》
2000年第1期11-17,18,共8页
Journal of Sichuan Teachers College(Natural Science)
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目!(39770 12 4)
四川省教委重点资助项目!(1996 16 )
关键词
大熊猫
种群数量
生境选择
保护对策
giant panda
population number
habitat selection
population viability analysis
protective strategies.
