摘要
森林土壤优先流在涵养水源和调节径流过程中起着重要作用,林地优先流特征研究对分析森林土壤水分入渗特征和探讨森林对流域水文过程的调节机制具有重要意义。使用染色示踪法在三峡库区不同垂直带内进行森林土壤优先流染色试验,研究不同山地森林土壤的染色特征。结果表明:不同森林土壤的表层(0-10cm)染色比例和染色剂入渗深度差异较大,土壤染色垂直变化趋势也不相同。中山常绿和落叶阔叶混交林表层土壤染色比例最高,染色剂入渗最浅,土壤染色比例随深度变化呈连续下降趋势。中山常绿针叶林表层土壤染色比例和染色剂入渗深度在不同样地间存在着变异,土壤染色垂直分异特征存在一定的差异。低山常绿针叶林表层土壤染色比例最低,染色剂入渗最深,土壤染色比例随深度变化呈波动下降趋势。不同森林土壤中优先流路径数量和分布不同是导致染色特征存在差异的主要原因,而森林土壤中的根系、裂隙以及土壤物理性质等都会影响到优先流的形成。
Preferential flow plays an important role in water conservation and runoff regulation under forestland,studying the characteristics of preferential flow in forest soil is important to analyze the characteristics of soil infiltration and the mechanistic of hydrological process of forestland.In order to analyze the dyeing characteristics of different forest soils on mountain,the dyeing test on different vertical zones in the Three Georges reservoir area was carried out through dye trace method.The results indicated that significant differences were found for the dye coverage of surface soils（0-10 cm） among different forest soils,the dye depth and the vertical change of dyeing characteristics were different under different forest soils too.The dye coverage of surface soils covered with mixed evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved forest in Mid-mountainous zone was the highest,but the depth of dye was the shallowest,and the dye coverage of forest soils were decreased with the increasing of soil depth.For different experiment sites covered with evergreen coniferous forest in Mid-mountainous zone,the dye coverage of surface soils and depth of dye were different,and the vertical changes of dye coverage were more divergent between two experiment sites.The dye coverage of surface soils covered with evergreen coniferous forest in Low-mountainous zone was the lowest while its dye depth was the deepest,and the vertical changes were undulate.The difference of dyeing characteristics between various forest soils were mainly caused by different amount of preferential flow and its distribution,while the formation of preferential flow were influenced by root system,cracks and physical characteristics of forest soils.
出处
《水土保持学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2012年第2期80-84,共5页
Journal of Soil and Water Conservation
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(41001125)
湖北省自然科学基金项目(2010CDB01205)
武汉市"晨光"计划项目(201150431112)
关键词
森林土壤
优先流
染色示踪
三峡库区
forest soil
preferential flow
dye trace
Three Gorges reservoir area
