1Esteban A, Anzueto A, Frutos F, et al. Characteristics and outcomes in adult patients receiving mechanical ventilation: a 28- day international study. JAMA,2002,287 : 345-355.
2Purro A, Appendini L, De Gaetano A, et al. Physiologic determinants of ventilator dependence in long-term mechanically ventilated patients. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2000, 161 (4 Pt 1) :1115-1123.
3Laghi F, Cattapan SE, Jubran A, et al. Is weaning failure caused by low-frequency fatigue of the diaphragm? Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2003,167 : 120-127.
4Zhu E, Sassoon CSH. The silenced diaphragm: The good and the bad. Reanimation, in press 2008.
5Sassoon CS, Zhu E, Caiozzo VJ. Assist-control mechanical ventilation attenuates ventilator-induced diaphragmatic dysfunction. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2004, 170:626-632.
6Anzueto A, Peters JI, Tobin M J, et al. Effects of prolonged controlled mechanical ventilation on diaphragmatic function in healthy adult baboons. Crit Care Med, 1997,25:1187-1190.
7Radell PJ, Remahl S, Nichols DG, et al. Effects of prolonged mechanical ventilation and inactivity on piglet diaphragm function. Intensive Care Med, 2002, 28:358-364.
8Zhu E, Sassoon CS, Nelson R, et al. Early effects of mechanical ventilation on isotonic contractile properties and MAF-box gene expression in the diaphragm. J Appl Physiol, 2005,99:747-756.
9Knisely AS, Leal SM, Singer DB. Abnormalities of diaphragmatic muscle in neonates with ventilated lungs. J Pediatr, 1988, 113: 1074-1077.
10Levine S, Nguyen T, Taylor N, et al. Rapid disuse atrophy of diaphragm fibers in mechanically ventilated humans. N Engl J Med, 2008,358 : 1327-1335.
