摘要
中药鉴别随着中药的发展而经历一个较长的发展过程,根据常用的鉴别手段将中药鉴别的发展历史划分为以下3个历史阶段:第一阶段:从中药的形成至19 世纪前后,这一阶段以人的经验鉴别为主;第二阶段:19 世纪至20 世纪前50年,这一阶段逐步形成了基原鉴别、性状鉴别、显微鉴别、理化鉴别等中药研究的“四大鉴别法”;第三阶段:20 世纪50 年代至今,这一阶段随着相关学科的飞速发展,出现了许多以仪器分析为主的现代鉴别方法,使中药鉴别研究获得了新的发展。主要方法有:1. 色谱法:包括薄层色谱法(TLC)、薄层扫描法(TLCS)、高效液相色谱法(HPLC)、气相色谱法(GC)、气质联用法(GC/MS) ;2. 光谱法:包括紫外光谱法(UV) 、导数光谱法(DS) 、红外光谱法(IR)、荧光光谱法(FP)、核磁共振光谱法(NMR)、质谱法(MS) ;3.X 衍射分析法(XRO);4. 差热分析法(DTA);5 . 分子生物学技术:包括多聚酶链式反应(PCR)、随机扩增DNA 法(RAPD);6. 扫描电镜技术(SEM) ;7. 计算机图像分析技术(CIA) ;8 . 电泳法(EP):包括毛细管电泳法(CE) ;9 . 多元回归分析;10. 电分析法(EA) :包括示波极谱法、等电点法;11 . X 射线荧光光谱法(XRF);12. 人工神经网络(ANN) 。本文可为从事中药鉴别、教学。
The identification of traditional Chinese medicine has undergone a relatively long history following the development of traditional Chinese medicine.In this paper,the history of the development of the identification of traditional Chinese medicine is divided into three historical stages according to the commonly used identification methods. The first stage covers from the formation of traditional Chinese medicine till around 19 th century.During this stage,the empirical methods of human beings were mainly applied. The second stage covers from 19 th century till the first 50 years of 20 th century.During this stage,four main identification methods including source identification,trait identification,microscopic identification and physicochemical identification gradually came into being. The third stage covers from the 1950s till nowadays.During this stage,following the rapid development of interrelated disciplines,many modern identification methods,mainly instrumental analysis methods,have been applied,which make the identification of traditional Chinese medicine develop more rapidly.These methods include as following:1.Chromatography:including thin layer chromatography (TLC),thin layer chromatography scan (TLCS),high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC),gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography mass spectrum (GC MS);2.Spectroscopic methods:including ultraviolet spectrophotometry (UV),derivative spectrophotometry (DS),infrared spectrophotometry (IR),fluorescent spectrophotometry (FP),nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and mass spectrometry (MS);3.X ray diffraction (XRD);4.Differential thermal analysis (DTA);5.Molecular bilogical technique:including polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD);6.Scanning electronic microscope (SEM);7.Computer image analysis (CIA);8.Electrophoresis (EP) including capillary electrophoresis;9.Multivariate regression analysis (MRA);10.Electronic analysis (EA) including oscillopolarographic discrimination (OD) and isoelectric point method (IP).11.X ray diffraction fluorescent spectrophotometry (XRF);12.Artificial neural networks (ANN). This paper can be used for reference for those who are engaged in the identification,teaching,scientific research and new drug research of traditional Chinese medicine.
出处
《中成药》
CAS
CSCD
2000年第1期101-110,共10页
Chinese Traditional Patent Medicine
关键词
中药
鉴别
鉴别历史
鉴别方法
identification of traditional Chinese medicine
history of idetification
idetification method
review of identification
