摘要
2003年夏季和2004年夏、秋季,分别在浙江沿岸海域10m等深线(以下称内侧海域)和50m等深线(禁渔线附近,以下称外侧海域)处共设置37个站位,对采集于大、小潮汛期间的浮游植物样品进行了种类组成、优势种、细胞丰度分布和群落结构特征的调查研究,并分析了其分布特征与环境因子的关系。结果表明,调查海域共鉴定出浮游植物326种,隶属于7门88属,其中硅藻门为59属238种,甲藻门为20属76种。该海域浮游植物细胞丰度为1.0×104～1.0×105个/dm3,最高可达1.0×106个/dm3数量级。优势种为中肋骨条藻Skeletonema costatum、丹麦细柱藻Leptocylindrus dani-cus、扁面角毛藻Chaetoceros compressus、旋链角毛藻Chaetoceros curvisetus、远距角毛藻Chaetocerosdistans、洛氏角毛藻Chaetocer lorenzianus和尖刺伪菱形藻Pseudo-nitzschia pungens。根据浮游植物的生态习性和分布特点,可将调查海域浮游植物划分为温带、亚热带种,沿岸广布种,偏暖、暖水种,外洋广布种和热带外洋种5个生态类型,其中以沿岸广布种、外洋广布种和偏暖、暖水种为该海域浮游植物的主要生态类群。浮游植物群落结构的稳定性为外侧海域优于内侧海域。相关性检验表明,内侧海域浮游植物的分布与潮汛的关系密切,而外侧海域浮游植物分布则与营养盐的关系更为紧密,内、外侧海域浮游植物的分布与水温的相关关系均不显著。
Phytoplankton is the most important producer of marine organic matter and starter of the food web of marine organisms.It plays an important role in marine ecosystem.Therefore its ecological features are necessary index for the assessment of water environment quality and of certain significance to indicate the environment status.In this study,the species composition,abundance distribution,dominant species and the community structure of the phytoplankton and its relationship to the environmental factors were studied with the samples collected in the summer of 2003 and the summer and autumn of 2004 during spring tide and neap tide at 37 stations along 10 m isobath（hereafter as inside sea area） and 50 m isobath（near the fishing forbidden line,hereafter as outside sea area） and a red tide species,Nactiluca scientillans was monitored.As a result 7 phyla,88 genera and 326 species of phytoplankton,including 59 genera,238 species of Diatom,and 20 genera,76 species of Pyrrophyta were identified,in which 6 phyla 73 genera and 279 species including 52 genera 218 species of Diatun and 13 genera 50 species of Pyrrophyta from the inside sea area and 7 phyla 80 genera and 285 species including 52 genera 204 species of Diatum and 20 genera 72 species of Pyrrophyta from the outside sea area.The range of the cell abundance was generally from 1.0×104 cells/dm3 to 1.0×105 cells/dm3 with the highest of 1.0×106 cells/dm3.The mean cell abundance of the phytoplankton was（24.65±5.99）×104 cells/dm3 during spring tide,and（70.37±41.95）× 104 cells/dm3 during neap tide for the inside sea area,and（55.64±11.03）× 104 cells/dm3 and（16.12±4.21）× 104 cells/dm3 for the outside sea area.The total amount of the phytoplankton at spring tide was higher than that at neap tide in the south of the inside sea area.But with the increase of the latitude,the variation tendency was opposite.The plane distribution followed the patchy distribution pattern evidently.In outside sea area,the total amount of the phytoplankton at spring tide was also higher than that at neap tide.The plane distribution was relatively even.The abundance of Noctiluca scintillans was high in the north and in the inside sea area and low in the south and in the outside sea area. The dominant species of the phytoplankton in Zhejiang coastal waters were Skeletonema costatum,Leptocylindrus danicus,Chaetoceros compressus,Chaetoceros curvisetus,Chaetoceros distans,Chaetoceros lorenzianus,Pseudo-nitzschia pungens.And the most dominant species was Skeletonema costatum.According to the distribution characteristics of the phytoplankton,it might be divided into five ecological groups,that is,temperate and subtropical species,neritic eurytropic species,oceanic eurytropic species,warm-water species,and torrid ocean species,in which neritic eurytropic species,oceanic eurytropic species and warm-water species were the main species in this area.In the inside sea area the phytoplankton community structure at spring tide was better than that at neap tide,while that in the outside sea area was more stable than that in the inside sea area. Besides,the correlation test shows that the distribution of phytoplankton was closely related to the tides in the inside sea area while more to the nutrients in the outside sea area.In both areas,there were no significant correction between the distribution of phytoplankton and the water temperature.Compared with the water temperature,both the salinity and nutrients had more direct and indirect effects on the phytoplankton.
出处
《海洋学研究》
北大核心
2012年第1期51-58,共8页
Journal of Marine Sciences
基金
浙江省科研院所研发专项资助项目(2004F11003)
关键词
浮游植物
种类组成
丰度分布
环境因子
浙江沿岸
phytoplankton
species composition
abundance distribution
environmental factors
Zhejiang coastal waters
