摘要
介绍了近年对TIG(钨极惰性气体保护焊)和PLASMA(等离子体)焊接、切割用钨电极材料的研究进展和应用情况 ,着重对稀土钨电极材料及稀土氧化物作用等有关研究问题进行了讨论。对W -La2O3、W -CeO2、W -Y2O3 电极材料的热电子发射能力和稳定性研究表明 :在中小电流时2.2-wt%La2O3-W电极具有较好的电子发射能力和稳定性 ,钇钨和铈钨次之 ;在大电流工作时 ,钇钨电极热电子发射能力和稳定性最好。对制备的二元复合稀土钨电极(W -La2O3-Y2O3、W -La2O3-CeO2、W -Y2O3-CeO2)和三元稀土钨电极(W -La2O3-Y2O3-CeO2)的性能与单元稀土钨电极材料(W -La2O3、W -CeO2、W -Y2O3)和钍钨电极材料进行了比较。结果表明 ,复合稀土钨电极材料的焊接电弧性能优于单元稀土钨电极和钍钨电极。但它们的性能又各不相同 ,可适应交流焊、薄板和中厚板不同焊接工作的需求。研究表明、电极的使用性能强烈依赖于稀土金属氧化物。燃弧过程中它们的行为是影响电极使用性能、电极温度、逸出功和电极稳定性的最重要的因素。
The recent research and development of tungsten electrodes used in TIG and Plasma technologies are introduced, and the tungsten materials as well as the effects of rare earth oxides are specially discussed. In W-La2O3,W-CeO2, W-Y2O3and W-ThO2, eleotrode matertals, the W-2.2mass%La2O3 electrode exhibited the best properties when the current is of little or middle volume, and when the electrodes are used in large current, the W-Y2O3, electrode is the best. By a comparative studies between the tungsten electrodes activated with single metal oxides as above-mentioned and those containing two or three rare earth oxides, namely La2O3, CeO2, and Y2O3, it was indicated that the welding arc properties of the tungsten electrodes activated with combined rare earth oxides additions is superior than that of the electrodes containing single oxides as above-mentioned. It was also shown that the operating properties of tungsten electrodes depend intensively on the rare earth oxides contained in the electrodes, and the actions of rare earth oxides during arcing are the most important factors to the electrodes' operating properties, temperature, work function as well as the arc stability.
出处
《中国钨业》
CAS
2000年第1期30-34,共5页
China Tungsten Industry
基金
国家教委博士点基金!资助项目
国家有色金属工业局科研基金!资助项目
北京市教委重点基金
关键词
稀土
钨电极
焊接
切割
rare earth
tungsten electrode
welding
La2O3
Y2O3
CeO2
