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雷暴探测研究的进展 被引量:18

Review on the Observation Investigation of Thunderstorms
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摘要 雷暴是指伴有雷鸣和闪电的强对流性天气系统,它一方面是春末和夏季许多地区主要的降水源,另一方面在全球范围内每年都要造成重大的人员和财产损失,因此是天气学、气象学和大气科学中的重要研究对象。雷暴发生和发展机制与条件的研究,雷暴(潜势)的数值天气预报,雷暴的临近预报预警,都需要多种技术手段获取的观测资料来支撑。过去半个多世纪,国内外大气和气象科学家开展了一系列雷暴探测研究,中尺度地基加密观测网的观测揭示了雷暴单体过境时各种气要素的变化特征,无线电探空观测给出了雷暴发生和发展有利的热力与动力学条件,并发展了一些基于探空资料有预报意义的对流指数,早期的飞机穿云和绕云探测对了解雷暴及其环境的温度和风场结构有很大帮助,地基多普勒天气雷达已成为探测雷暴尤其是超级单体风暴降水及风场演变的有力工具,卫星遥感也在雷暴的监测与研究中发挥越来越大的作用。本文试图对雷暴探测研究方面的进展进行回顾综述,以利今后组织开展雷暴综合观测试验研究,进一步增加对雷暴发生和发展规律的认识,进而提高雷暴的预报预警水平。 Thunderstorm is defined as the severe convective weather with thunder and lightning. On the one hand, it brings much useful precipitation in spring and summer in many regions, especially in semi-arid areas. On the other hand, however, its accompanying hails, heavy rain, tornados, and strong wind bursts cause much loss in life and property over the world wide. So, thunderstorm is one of severe weather phenomena to be continuously investigated in meteorological and atmospheric sciences. The observational data of thunderstorm are always required in studying storm initiation and development mechanism, developing mesoscale models, and predicting and warning thunder- storm hazards. This paper aims to review the advance in thunderstorm observation investigations with focus on the description of some field exoeriments over the Past 6 decades.
出处 《大气科学》 CSCD 北大核心 2012年第2期411-422,共12页 Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences
基金 国家自然科学基金资助项目40975001 中国科学院知识创新工程方向项目KZCX2-YW-207 公益性行业(气象)科研专项项目GYHY201106046
关键词 雷暴 探测 进展 thunderstorm, observation, review
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参考文献69

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