摘要
速度频散与衰减是地震岩石物理领域一个前沿性问题,它不仅是开展频率域储层及流体预测的关键理论基础,同时也是解决不同地球物理测量方法(地面地震、VSP、测井、超声波岩心观测等)之间数据匹配困难的重要手段。笔者在阐述速度频散和衰减现象基本特征的基础上,详细回顾了Biot模型、喷射流模型、BISQ模型、双孔模型、裂缝-孔隙微结构模型和斑块饱和模型等6种主要速度频散与衰减理论模型的研究进程、原理和限制性,利用示意图直观地描述了这些模型的机制,并给出了它们各自的高低频极限、特征频率和适用条件。同时系统回顾并分析了国内外半个多世纪来速度频散与衰减实验测量技术的发展进程和应用现状,并在实验测量数据的基础上给出了自己对地球物理测量手段、岩石物理模型与频率相关性方面的思考和认识,即有必要将单频带的岩石物理模型拓展到全频带,并基于此将不同频带地球物理手段的测量数据联系起来,实现在同一尺度下的综合应用。
A velocity dispersion and attenuation phenomenon is a frontier subject in seismic rock physics.It is not only a key theoretical fundament for reservoir and fluid prediction in the frequency domain but also a crucial technique to solve the data-matching problem of different geophysical measurements,such as surface seismic method,vertical seismic profiling（VSP）,well logging,laboratory ultrasonic core observation etc.Based on elaborating characteristics of this phenomenon,we reviewed in detail the progress in development,principles and limitations of six typical velocity dispersion and attenuation models including Biot,Squirt-flow,Biot-Squirt（BISQ）,double-porosity,crack-pore microstructure and patchy saturation models,visually depicted mechanisms of these models using schematic diagrams,and at the same time deduced their respective high-and low-frequency limits,characteristic frequencies and applicable conditions.The paper systematically analyzed the development course and current research status of various experimental techniques adopted both at home and abroad over the past half century,and some thoughts and cognition on the relativity of frequency either with geophysical measurement techniques or with petrophysical models were put forward on the basis of various experimental data.Obviously,it is necessary to extend the applicable frequency of petrophysical models from single frequency to full frequency,which can link various geophysical measured data at different frequency bands together,thus realizing their integrated applications on the same scale.
出处
《石油学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2012年第2期332-342,共11页
Acta Petrolei Sinica
基金
国家重点基础研究发展规划(973)项目(2011CB201100)
国家重大科技专项(2011ZX05004-003)资助
关键词
速度频散
衰减
频散模型
频散测量
高低频极限
velocity dispersion
attenuation
dispersion model
dispersion measurement
high-and low-frequency limit
