摘要
作为一种处理环境问题的政策工具集,生态补偿的目的在于通过将生态系统外部价值转化为对参与者的财政激励而增加生态系统服务供给。因此,生态补偿项目能否实现预期目标就成为生态补偿理论研究者与实践者关注的焦点与热点。基于国际上生态补偿效率理论研究与实践进展,介绍了生态补偿效率分析框架,分析了生态补偿无效率状况,较为系统地总结了影响生态补偿效率的因素,提出应从建立准确的生态补偿基线、进行生态补偿对象空间定位、合理估算真实机会成本、降低交易成本等方面出发,提高生态补偿效率。提出了生态补偿效率研究中应进一步关注的问题。
As a policy tool to deal with environmental problem, the purpose of ecological compensation is to translate external,nonmarket value of ecosystem into real financial incentives for local actors to increase the ecosystem service. Therefore, it is the focus and hotspot of the ecological theoretical researchers and practitioner whether the ecological compensation program achieves the expected goals. Based on the recent theoretical and empirical developments of ecological compensation efficiency, we introduce the framework to analyze the efficiency of ecological compensation and analyze various types of inefficiency that the ecological compensation program might experience. Then, we summarize systematically the influencing factors of ecological compensation efficiency, find that the ecological compensation efficiency is not only determined by the extent to which incremental ecosystem services are provided, but also by the cost at which this was achieved. Whether the ecological compensation program succeeds in generating the desired ecosystem service depends on the potential service providers must enroll in the program, providers must eomply with the terms of their contract, additionality, the relationship between land use and ecosystem services, permanence, leakage and perverse incentives. And the costs include the opportunity cost of the benefits foregone from alternative activities, the implementation cost of making and maintaining those changes and the transaction costs of the program. At last, we provide the measures of improving the ecological compensation efficiency, which include establishing the accuracy ecological compensation baseline, spatial targeting of ecological compensation, estimating the real opportunity cost and reducing the transaction cost. Some potential improvements in some further researches is put forward in the last section.
出处
《生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2012年第6期1960-1969,共10页
Acta Ecologica Sinica
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(41061051
91125019)
国家社科基金项目(10YJ140)
教育部科学技术重点项目(210231)
教育部新世纪优秀人才支持计划(2011)
关键词
生态系统服务
生态补偿效率
空间定位
信息租金
生态补偿基线
ecosystem service
ecological compensation efficiency
spatial targeting
information rent
ecologicalcompensation baseline
