摘要
在稻作农业起源和传播的研究中,水稻扇型植硅体对于发现、鉴定水稻遗存起到了重要的作用。目前学术界利用扇型植硅体在区分野生稻和栽培稻,粳稻和籼稻方面建立了诸多判别标准,但这些"标准"并没有得到广泛认可。本文从扇型植硅体的发育机理人手,结合前人对水稻扇型植硅体的研究成果和通过对部分现代野生、栽培水稻扇型植硅体的观察分析,认为尽管现代稻属和粳、籼稻扇型植硅体的鉴定特征是比较明确的,但由于野生稻和栽培稻扇型植硅体的区分存在不确定性,限制了扇型植硅体在早期稻作研究中的应用。本文对目前利用扇型植硅体进行水稻农业考古方面存在的问题进行分析,对如何寻找野生稻和栽培稻扇型植硅体的有效区分标准、如何应用新方法新技术提高鉴定准确性等方面进行了探讨。
Fan-shaped phytolith plays an important role on discovering and identifying rice remains on the study of origin and spreading of rice. At present, fan-shaped phytolith of rice has been used as the criteria to identify wild and cultivated rice, japonica and indica. However,due to the inadequate morphological research on fan-shaped phytolith from wild and cultivated rice ,the criteria have not been accepted generally. In this paper,the developmental mechanism of fan-shaped phytolith is discussed first. Fan-shaped phytolith is derived from the bulliform cells whose shape, size,number,location and arrangement mode are various in transverse section of leaf-blade among different Poaceae plants. These differences provide the basis of identifying certain plants,especially rice by using fan-shaped phytolith. Then reviews of current results from fan-shaped phytolith morphology research and its application in archaeology are discussed. Meanwhile, a new analysis of fan-shaped phytoliths from 1 wild and 2 cultivated rice collected from Jiangxi and Hunan Province is carried out. By the research analysis, the fan-shaped phytolith of genus Oryza has two traits, including relatively round profile and scale-like decoration that are clearly different from other fan-shaped phytoliths. Two methods,including morphometric means and the number of scale-like decorations of fan-shaped phytolith, are applied to identify wild and cultivated rice. However, these two means are still not reliable. Moreover, 3 discriminants are set up to discriminate between japonica and indica by measuring four parameters （vertical length, horizontal length, lateral length and b/a ratio） of fan-shaped phytolith. These discriminants can reliably identify japonica and indica, but fail to make correct discrimination about the fan-shaped phytolith of wild rice,as the results would be either japonica or indica if the measurement data of wild rice in these discriminants are substituted. In this regard,it is considered that the way to identify wild and cultivated rice by fan-shaped phytolith is essential in the future. Therefore, three suggestions,including the improvement of allsidedness, representativeness of samples, and the increment of statistics as well as the application of new imaging and measuring techniques for establishing reliable criteria of fan-shaped phytolith to differentiate between wild and cultivated rice,are provide finally in this paper.
出处
《第四纪研究》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2012年第2期269-281,共13页
Quaternary Sciences
基金
中国科学院战略性先导科技专项"应对气候变化的碳收支认证及相关问题"(批准号:XDA05130401)
自然科学基金项目(批准号:41071131)共同资助
关键词
水稻
泡状细胞
扇型植硅体
野生稻
栽培稻
粳稻
籼稻
rice, bulliform cells, fan-shaped phytolith, wild rice, cultivated rice ,japonica, indica
