摘要
对大河村遗址出土新石器时代晚期炭化种子样品进行了碳、氮元素分析。结果显示这些种子具有相近的元素组成,表明它们系同一种来源。根据这些炭化种子与现代大豆、高粱及人工炭化的大豆、高粱的元素组成的比较,发现它们与大豆的元素组成较为一致,而与高粱数据存在较大差异。这一发现支持有关大河村种子遗存是大豆的鉴定,说明前人将其鉴定为高梁有误。本研究首次通过元素分析方法对残破古代炭化种子进行鉴定,显示了该方法在植物考古学上的优越性和应用潜力。
Dahecun is a famous Late Neolithic site of the middle Yellow River valley,from which a lot of carbonized seeds were recovered from a pot in a house. The seeds were identified as sorghum（Sorghum bicolour）in the original report but were identified as soybean by recent studies. In later studies, researchers only chose whole granules for identification and neglected those broken ones. So it is quite possible that those broken seeds may contain some other species. To check these controversial results,elemental analyses of carbon and nitrogen were applied on 12 carbonized seed samples and 2 charcoals randomly chosen from the pot. These seeds were mostly broken,in which only 4 could be identified as soybean by their morphological features. The seeds are weighted between 0. 455mg and 4. 590mg. In the weight percentages of C,the Dahecun seeds are 42. 31%-51. 14%, with a standard deviation of 2.38. In the weight percentage of N,the Dahecun seeds are 5.84% -7.61% ,with a standard deviation of 0. 49. The values of C/N of these seeds are also very close to each other, are 6.72 - 7.67,with a standard deviation of 0.28. The results showed that these seeds have similar compositions of carbon and nitrogen, which indicates that they are of the same botanical resource. The corresponding data of the 2 charcoals are quite different with that of the above seeds, which suggests that the element composition of the seeds is not from contamination. We also compared the composition of carbon and nitrogen of these seeds with that of modern soybean （ Glycine max）, sorghum（Sorghum bicolor）and carbonized modern soybean and sorghum prepared by simulation experiments （under a heating temperature of 250~C ,30 minutes）. In the weight percentages of C, the modern sorghum samples are 40.55% - 41.78% ; those of carbonized modern sorghum samples are 43.38% ~ 46. 77% ; those of modern soybean samples are 44.78% ~ 48.36% and those of carbonized modern soybean samples are 48.06% ~ 59.51%. In the weight percentages of N,the modern sorghum samples are 1.80% -2.33%; those of carbonized modern sorghum samples are 1.30% - I. 82%; those of modern soybean samples are 5.39% -6. 59% and those of carbonized modern soybean samples are 7. 11% -8.29%. Our results indicate that the elemental compositions of Dahecun carbonized seeds are consistent with those of modern soybean but quite different to those of modern sorghum. This finding supports the identification by previous research that Dahecun carbonized seeds are of soybean and further disproves the former identification as sorghum. This is the first time that general element analysis of carbon and nitrogen was applied on the identification of broken ancient carbonized seeds,showing the advanta^e~ ~n,~ .,,,,1;~.~：
出处
《第四纪研究》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2012年第2期241-246,共6页
Quaternary Sciences
基金
厦门大学基础创新科研基金项目(批准号:0640-ZK1017)资助
关键词
大河村
炭化种子
大豆
高粱
元素分析
Dahecun, carbonized seeds, soybean, sorghum, element analysis
