摘要
为了揭示藏东南地区蚂蚁群落的分布规律,采用样地调查法和搜索调查法研究了德姆拉山东坡及察隅河谷蚂蚁物种的分布格局。共采集到蚁科(Formicidae)昆虫5亚科,22属,47种,其中猛蚁亚科(Ponerinae)5属7种,伪切叶蚁亚科(Pseudomyrmecinae)1属1种,切叶蚁亚科(Myrmicinae)8属19种,臭蚁亚科(Dolichoderinae)2属2种,蚁亚科(Formicinae)6属18种。在德姆拉山东坡和察隅河谷垂直带上,分布上限超过4 200 m的宽生态幅物种只有6个:棒结红蚁(Myrmica bactriana Ruzsky)、莱曼蚁(Formica lemani Bondroit.)、吉市红蚁(Myrmica jessen-sis Forel)、光亮黑蚁(Formica candida Smith)、红蚁待定种2(Myrmica sp.2)和史密西红蚁(Myrmica smythiesii For-el),而众多的狭生态幅物种分布上限低于2 500 m。在垂直地带上,蚂蚁物种丰富度主要受气温因素制约,同时受到地形和植被因素的影响。原生地带性植被内栖息了更多的蚂蚁物种,而次生性植被内物种相对贫乏。另外,蚂蚁物种对栖息生境、觅食和筑巢场所等微生境表现出明显的选择分化。环境制约和蚂蚁物种选择分化的共同作用促成了区域内蚂蚁群落丰富的分布格局。
A survey was conducted to study the distribution patterns of ant species on the east slope of Mount Demola and Zayu Valley by the sample plot and search-collecting methods,in order to reveal the distribution regularity of ant communities in southeastern Tibet.A total of 47 species belonging to 22 genera and 5 subfamilies of Formicidae were identified on the east slope of Mount Demola and Zayu Valley.Among them,7 species and 5 genera belong to Ponerinae,1 species and 1 genus to Pseudomyrmecinae,19 species and 8 genera to Myrmicinae,2 species and 2 genera to Dolichoderinae,and 18 species and 8 genera to Formicinae.On the vertical zone of the east slope of Mount Demola and Zayu Valley,only 6 species of wide ecological amplitude with the upper limit of altitude over 4 200 m were observed,which are Myrmica bactriana Ruzsky,Formica lemani Bondroit,Myrmica jessensis Forel,Formica candida Smith,undetermined species Myrmica sp.2,and Myrmica smythiesii Forel.Most species of narrow ecological amplitude were found below the upper limit of altitude 2 500 m.On the vertical zone,the richness of species was mainly affected by temperature,meanwhile,being influenced by landform and vegetation types.More ant species were found inhabiting the primitive regional vegetations rather than the secondary vegetations.In addition,ant species expressed distinct selection divergence in habitat,foraging and nest site.Therefore,the joint effect of environmental restriction and selection divergence of ant species facilitates the rich regional distribution patterns of ant communities.
出处
《东北林业大学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2012年第3期87-92,共6页
Journal of Northeast Forestry University
基金
国家自然科学基金(30870333)
北京大学生物多样性快速评估项目
云南省森林保护学重点学科资助项目
关键词
蚂蚁
分布格局
生境分化
西藏
Ants
Distribution patterns
Habitat divergence
Tibet
