摘要
介绍了金属扩散系数的几种测量方法,包括扩散对法、毛细管-熔池法、剪切单元法、转盘法和等离子轰击技术等;以及几种自扩散系数的理论研究和液态合金的扩散、自扩散系数的理论研究方法,包括硬球模型、线性轨道假说、小步扩散理论、流体动力学模型、经验公式及慢中子散射技术,液态合金中的扩散有Darken给出的互扩散系数及互扩散系数模型。通过对比各种实验方法的优缺点,分析实验值与理论计算值之间出现偏离的原因,指出了寻求有效的示踪原子是今后的研究动向,探索离子轰击能够促进扩散的原因将成为今后的研究重点。
First, some measuring methods of diffusion coefficient in metals, including diffusion couple, capillary - melt pool, shear cell, rotary and plasma bombardment methods, are introduced; Second, the theoretical study methods of diffusion coefficient in metals, such as hard-sphere model, linear track hypothesis, step diffusion theory, fluid dynamics model, experience formula and slow neutron scattering techniques, arc introduced, and the diffusion theories in liquid alloy include Darken＇s mutual diffusion coefficient and diffusion coefficient model. At the same time, by contrasting the advan- tages and defects of various experimental methods, the reasons of the deviation of measured value from theoretical value are analyzed. It is pointed out that the research trend is looking for effective tracer atom in the future, and the research is concentrated on discovering the reasons of ion bombardment promoting diffusion.
出处
《硬质合金》
CAS
2012年第1期46-52,共7页
Cemented Carbides
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(51074060)
关键词
金属
扩散系数
测量方法
扩散理论
metals
diffusion coefficient
measuring methods
diffusion theory
