摘要
介绍化学事故洗消的程序和方法,综述了洗消剂种类及选择原则。用苯和甲苯两种化学毒物直接沾染皮肤,分别以水、吸附颗粒、吸液颗粒、活性炭作为洗消剂进行洗消,同时用AreaRAE RDK快速部署系统进行实时检测,分析洗消前后皮肤表面毒物浓度变化情况,测定各类洗消剂对化学毒物的洗消效果,在此基础上确定最适合的洗消剂以及洗消剂的用量和洗消时间。实验结果表明,只要水对苯和甲苯的洗消时间足够长,就能够将皮肤表面的染毒物质彻底消除。吸附颗粒、吸液颗粒、活性炭三种固体洗消剂都能够有效地消除皮肤表面的沾染物。对苯的洗消,活性炭效果最好,其次是吸液颗粒和吸附颗粒。对甲苯的洗消,则是吸附颗粒效果最好,其次是吸液颗粒和活性炭。
The procedure and method of chemical accident decon- tamination were introduced . The decontamination agent type and the principle for choice were reviewed. The experiments were carried out by using benzene and toluene contaminated skin directly, which are decontaminated by spraying water, oil sorbent granule, liquid sorbent granule and active carbon. At the same time the concentration of the residual of contaminated material on the skin was detected by using AreaRAE Rapid De- ployment Kit during the decontamination course. Then the de- contamination effects of decontamination agents for various kinds of chemicals were measured, on this basis, the decontam- ination agent was optimized, as well as the amount of decon- tamination agents and decontamination time. The experimental result indicated that the contaminated of benzene and toluene on the skin can be cleared up only if the decontamination time is long enough. Moreover, the contaminated material on skin can be removed by solid adsorbent such as oil sorbent granule, liq- uid sorbent granule and active carbon. As far as the decontami- nation effect, active carbon is the best for benzene, followed by liquid sorbent granule and oil sorbent granule; however, oil sorbent granule is best for toluene, followed by liquid sorbent granule and active carbon.
出处
《消防科学与技术》
CAS
北大核心
2012年第2期185-189,共5页
Fire Science and Technology
