摘要
加速器质谱(AMS)是一门发展非常迅速的核分析技术,诞生于20世纪70年代末,是基于加速器和离子探测器的一种高能质谱,它克服了传统质谱存在的分子本底和同量异位素本底干扰的限制,对同位素丰度灵敏度的测量可以达到10-16。经过的30多年发展,AMS以其多方的优势,日益受到人们的重视与青睐。在地学领域,通过测26Al、10Be等核素,可以实现地表暴露年龄、侵蚀速率测定和地貌演变研究;在海洋学领域,通过测量129I、10Be等核素,可以研究海洋沉积物、锰结核、锰结壳等生长速率和沉积速率;在考古学领域,通过测量14C、10Be等核素,可以实现珍贵样品的年代测定和第四纪人类进化的年代学研究;在环境科学领域,通过测量129I、14C等核素,可以对核污染、城市环境污染、全球气候变化进行监测与研究。目前,AMS从技术和应用研究两个方面都在迅速发展。文章对AMS的工作原理、设备和技术发展,以及在地学、海洋科学、考古学、环境科学等领域的应用进行详细阐述。
Since its inception in the late 1970s, Accelerator Mass Spectrometry （AMS） has become a powerful tool for the measurement of trace amounts of natural radionuclides. It differs from other forms of mass spectrometry try in that it accelerates ions to extraordinarily high kinetic energies before mass analysis, suppresses molecular isobars completely, and high-charge states for determination of very small isotopic ratios （10-16 ）. The technique takes advantage of the high ion energies achieved and negative ion interferential instabilities to enable extremely low backgrounds to be achieved. Therefore, they are extremely selective techniques for many applications and can be characterized by measuring the radionuelides concentrations, 1~Be, 14C, ：6A1 and 129I for example, using AMS. In geology, through the measurement of 26A1, t^Be and other nuclides, exposure age and erosion rate of earth surface can be determined, and geomorphic evolution can be studied. In marine science, through the measurement of 129I, 10Be and other nuclides, deposition rate and growth rate of marine sediments, manganese nodules, manganese crusts can be determined. In archeology, through the measurement of 14C, 10Be and other nuclides, precious samples dating and chronological study on the Quaternary human evolution can be achieved. In environmental science, through the measurement of 129I, 14C and other nuclides, Nuclear pollution, urban environmental pollution and global climate change etc, can be monitored and studied. In this paper, the basic measurement principle, equipment and technological developments of Accelerator Mass Spectrometry were described, and its applications in geology, oceanography, archaeology, environmental science and other relative fields were presented.
出处
《岩矿测试》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2012年第1期7-23,共17页
Rock and Mineral Analysis
基金
国家自然科学基金面上项目(10975195
10875177
10875176
10576040
10405036
10375099
10490185
10175094
10105017)
国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(10705054)
关键词
加速器质谱技术
进展
应用
accelerator mass spectrometry
development
application
