摘要
利用上海台风研究所整编的《CMA-STI热带气旋最佳路径数据集》数据资料,建立了以每次热带气旋6h间隔中心位置为基础的西北太平洋地区1°×1°经纬度格网,统计分析了西北太平洋地区1990年-2009年热带气旋的路径变化、发生频数、频率的年际分布和季节分布等。结果表明:①西北太平洋热带气旋影响的区域大概为100°-180°E,3.5°-51°N,主要影响的国家和地区有:菲律宾群岛,中南半岛,中国东部沿海各省、海南省、台湾省,朝鲜半岛及日本三岛;②西北太平洋地区热带气旋发生次数有减少趋势,2000年-2009年年均发生次数比1990年-1999年年均少3次;③7月-10月热带气旋发生频繁,其中8月占到20年各月累计的21%;④热带气旋频数分布密集区为南海中北部以东、菲律宾吕宋岛以东,整体呈抛物线向东辐射减少;⑤热带气旋路径频率值的分布存在明显的季节性变化,突出表现为频率最高值中心位置的规律性移动。
Tropical cyclones are cyclonic vortex and usually occur over oceans in the tropic or subtropic with low pressure.According to its strength,tropical cyclones are classified into Tropical Depression（TD）,Tropical Storm（TS）,Strong Tropical Storm（STS）,Typhoon（TY）,Strong Typhoon（STY）,and Super Typhoon（SuperTY）by the World Meteorological Organization. Typhoon,Strong Typhoon,and Super Typhoon with the maximum wind speed near the center greater than 32.7 m/s can bring a great deal of damage.China,located in the West Pacific,is one of countries seriously affected by tropical cyclones.An annual average of seven tropical cyclones landed in China,which has caused large areas of crops suffered,significant economic lose,and huge casualties.Therefore,it is very necessary and urgent to investigate tropical cyclones activities in the Western North Pacific.In this study,the＂CMA-STI Best Track of Tropical Cyclone＂data set from Shanghai Typhoon Institute of the China Meteorological Adminstration were used.The data set consists of the time of tropical cyclones’center（Universal Time）,intensity level,latitude and longitude coordinates,minimum pressure near the center,and maximum wind speed near the center.For data processing,the C#program and ARCGIS were used to display the tropical cyclones ’center point and tracks.Then the Western North Pacific was divided into 1°×1°latitude and longitude grids（range between 95.5°and 180.5°E,and between 0.5°and 55.5°N）.Finally,the numbers of each grid’s tropical cyclones were obtained.Spatial distribution of tropical cyclones could be derived after going through the steps above.The following conclusions were drawn as：1） the Western North Pacific tropical cyclones primarily affect areas ranging between 100°and 180°E, and between 3.5°and 51°N,including several countries and regions,e.g.,Philippines,the Indo-China Peninsula,coastal provinces of eastern China,Hainan,China’s Taiwan,the Korean Peninsula,and Japan;2）During the period 1990-2009,there were 578 tropical cyclones taking place in the Western North Pacific with an average of 28.9 times per year.There was a decrease trend in occurrence of tropical cyclones and average occurrences during the recent decade,which was 3 times less than the last decade;3）Tropical cyclones occurred frequently from July to October,particularly in August,accounting for 21%of the total number;4）The dense distribution areas of tropical cyclones’tracks were in the east of the South China Sea and east of Luzon in Philippines with the frequency of more than 30 times over the past 20 years.Then the frequency was spreading to the east exhibiting a shape of parabola;5）The distribution of frequency of tropical cyclones values varies markedly with season.The center of areas with the highest frequency moved in a regular pattern.In summer,the center can reach to 117°E and 20°N.
出处
《资源科学》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2012年第2期242-247,共6页
Resources Science
基金
国家科技支撑计划项目:"中国重大自然灾害风险等级综合评估技术研究"(编号:2008BAK50B06)
"多尺度基础地理信息与综合灾情信息集成分析技术研究"(编号:2008BAK49B01)
关键词
热带气旋
西北太平洋
路径频数
频率值
Tropical cyclone
Western North Pacific
Track frequency
Frequency value
