摘要
全球化背景下污染密集型产业的跨国和跨地区转移成为研究的热点问题。本文采用2000～2009年广东省21个地级市的统计数据,发现其污染密集型产业其呈现"S"型的时间发展特征和"分散-集中-分散"的空间发展特征,说明广东省污染密集型产业存在空间转移的现象。建立面板数据模型分析产业空间转移的影响机制,得出如下结论:一是国际产业转移主要采取污染密集型产业出口的形式,而非FDI;二是环境管制是促进污染密集型产业由珠三角地区向非珠三角地区转移的重要驱动因素;三是影响污染密集型产业转移的主要机制是地方政府的管制,如迁入地地方政府的基础设施条件、服务水平和优惠政策等;四是低人力资本不是影响污染密集型产业转移的影响因子。最后,本研究也说明广东省仍然是国际污染密集型产业的"污染避难所",而非珠三角地区正在成为珠三角地区的"污染避难所",因此要加大产业转移中的环境监管。
This issue of pollution-intensive industry relocation against globalization,at both national and regional scale,is becoming increasingly significant mainly due to its importance for policy-making and environmental regulation.Using the panel data collected from Guangdong Province,2000-2009,we examined the spatial-temporal pattern as well as the evolution mechanism for pollution-intensive industries.We found that the speed of pollution-intensive industrial development has largely restructured,following an ＇S＇ shape.The spatial pattern of pollution-intensive industries has changed from decentralization to centralization,and returned to decentralization,indicating an evident relocation of pollution-intensive industries within Guangdong Province.Panel Data Model was used to uncover the determinants of pollution-intensive industry relocation.First,the results show that the mechanism of international industries relocation is mainly determined through exporting,rather than FDI.As FDI is becoming more and more clean,the pollution in the industrial productions have been outsourced to the local enterprises with the dirty products exporting to the developed countries.Second,the strict regulation of governments upon environmental issues drives the pollution-intensive enterprises in the Pearl River Delta to be relocated;however,the relatively lax environment regulation in non-Pearl River Delta is by no means the determinant of the spatial pattern.Instead,the legislations of local government,on the fields such as infrastructure services,government capabilities,preferential policies,are found to be significant for the relocation of pollution-intensive enterprises.Third,the human capital is not identified as the determinant of pollution-intensive enterprise relocation.Instead,land use price is found to be important.In addition,we highlighted that Guangdong Province is still the ＇Pollution Haven＇ of oversea industries;the other parts of the province is becoming the ＇＇Pollution Haven＇ of the PRD.There is for stricter environmental regulation upon the process of industrial relocation.
出处
《地理研究》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2012年第2期357-368,共12页
Geographical Research
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(40901066
41130747)
教育部人文社会科学青年基金(10YJC790271)
广东高校优秀青年创新人才培育项目
中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助
关键词
污染密集型
产业转移
时空演变
面板数据模型
广东省
pollution-intensive industries
industry relocation
temporal and spatial distribution
the panel data model
Guangdong Province
