摘要
本文以中国东北天然次生林的主要乔木树种:红松、落叶松、樟子松、青杨、山杨、白桦、柞树、水曲柳、黄菠萝、胡桃楸、紫椴、五角槭和春榆为材料,研究了树种物候的主要特征。编制了树种的物候谱,考察了树种的物候期与光照和温度等环境因子的关系,并通过多元统计的主成分分析方法,揭示出与树木萌动期、生长期和开花期等主要物候期关系最为密切的气象因子是总累积日照数和各期的平均温度、阐明温度、光照及其综合作用是物候现象的重要外在条件。用系统聚类的方法对13个树种分别依萌动期、生长期、开花期的环境因子和物候日期进行了分类,确定了萌动类型五个,生长的物候类型四个,开花的物候类型四个,物侯日期的物候类型四个。并把树木的物候类型与树木的生态对策作了对应分析,提出了树木生态物候对策的概念。
This paper is a study on the phenology of the main tree species: Pinus koraiensis, Larix olgensis, Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica, Populus ussuriensis, Populus davidiana, Betula platyphylla, Quercus mongolica, Fraxinus mandshurica, Phellodendron amurense, duglans mandshurica, Tilia amurensis, Acer mono, Ulmus propinqua of natural secondary forest in Northeast China. The main phenologieal character of these tree species are studied, the phenological spectrum of these trees is drawn and the relationship between the phenological period of the tree species and the environmental factors of light, temperature etc. is studied. It has been discovered that the meteorological factors which are most closely related to the germinating, growing and flowering etc. the main phenological periods, are total number of days of sunlight and the mean temperature of each period, showing that solar irradiation and temperature and their combined effect are the important enviromental conditions of phenology, by the principal component analysis (PCA). Thirteen tree species are classified by clustering system according to the environmental factors of germination, growth period, flower period, the phenology date and the phenological type. The result are that there are 5 types of tree germination, 4types of growth period, 4 types of flower period and 4 types of phenology date.Tree bionomic strategies, and a new concept of tree bionomic phenofogy strategies is also put forward through the analysis of the tree phenologieal types and the corresponding bionomic strategies of tree species.
关键词
天然次生林
树种
物候类型
东北
Northeast China
Secondary forest
Phenology type
Bionomic phenology strategies
