摘要
经过1975—1984年的调查研究,已在朝阳县棉田建成不施或基本不施杀虫剂而控制棉蚜为害的自控棉田生态系,面积从50亩发展到23000亩。1985年又在另外26000亩棉田中建成了使用少量杀虫剂,利用自然天敌控制棉蚜为害的半自控棉田生态系。主要措施有:(1)在天敌资源丰富的小山、河流、果园或树林附近种植辽棉8号和黑山棉两个耐蚜品种;(2)与小麦、油菜、高梁或玉米间作、穿插或条带种植,以便保护和招引更多天敌;(3)将间苗、定苗时拔下的棉苗携出田外销毁,减少棉蚜扩散机会;(4)改普遍喷雾施药为点、片涂茎和点心防治,减少杀伤天敌机会;(5)放宽棉蚜防治指标,延迟防治,保护利用天敌。使用棉田天敌指标和种群结构指标等两个棉田自控机制指标来修定防治指标。
Based on the investigations in 1975—1984,a self-controlled ecologi-cal system in cotton field against cotton aphid Aphis gossypii,in which,none or basically none insecticides were used,was established inChaoyang County,Liaoning Province.The implementation acreage wasincreased from 50 to 23000 mu.In 1985,a partly self-controlled sys-tem relying on the natural enemies as primary aphid suppressors withlittle amount of insecticide applications as complement was built up inanother 26000 mu of cotton field.The major approaches to aphid controlwere as follows: (1)Utilizing the aphid-tolerant cotton varieties,Liaomian No.8 andHeishanmian,and growing cotton in the vicinity of hill,river,orchardsor woodland where there are plenty of natural enemy sources;(2)interplanting,alternating or striped planting cotton with wheat,rape,sorghum,or corn to maintain and attract the natural enemies;(3)taking and burying the thinned out seedlings out of the cotton field toprevent the dispersion of aphid population;(4) changing the insecti-cide application pattern from full-scale spray to selective smearing ordropping to decrease.the damage to natural enemies;and (5) modifyingthe action threshold of cotton aphid with the natural enemy index andpopulation structure index to retard chemical control for protectingand utilizing the natural enemies.
出处
《植物保护学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
1990年第1期1-4,共4页
Journal of Plant Protection
