摘要
中国古代官员选任制度中的世袭制是维系贵族特权的重要基石,也是中国社会长期动乱和腐败蔓延最主要的原因之一。科举制的实行使选官世袭制受到遏制,但是唐宋在发展科举制的同时还保留了凭借父祖官职入仕的门荫和恩荫制度,这实际上是选官世袭制在新形势下的遗存和变种。明代科举制发展到鼎盛,选官必由科举,非科举者毋得授官和扩大科举取士数量等措施的推行,有效地遏制了长达数千年的选官世袭制,确立了远比唐宋更为完备的名实相符的以文官考试为基础的科举政治,对社会的稳定与经济文化的发展,产生了积极影响。
The hereditary system for official selection in ancient China is the cornerstone for maintaining the noble＇s privileges,also one of the main reasons for the long-term turmoil and corruption in ancient China.To eradicate it,there emerges the imperial examination system.However,in Tang and Song Dynasty,the imperial examination is implemented with keeping the system of choosing officials according to their fathers＇ titles,which in fact is a variety of the hereditary system in new situation.In Ming Dynasty,the imperial examination system reached to the peak that any official have to pass the imperial examination,which effectively restricts the long-term hereditary system of official selection and also establishes the imperial politics based on examinations.The imperial examination system in Ming Dynasty exerted a positive impact on social stability and economic and culture development.
出处
《哈尔滨工业大学学报（社会科学版）》
2012年第1期76-80,共5页
Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology(Social Sciences Edition)
关键词
明朝
科举制
遏制
世袭制
Ming Dynasty
imperial examination system
restriction
hereditary system
