摘要
本文详细分析了影响车削加工误差的几个主要因素。其中采用移动热源法计算了工件的热膨胀,利用热弹性理论和回归分析推导了刀具热变形的计算公式,采用误差分离技术得到了刀架直线运动轨迹在水平面内偏离理想轨迹的误差,并且实测了机床的热变形。在以上工作的基础上,应用微机对影响车削加工精度的主要误差进行了实时补偿,取得明显效果。该方法在不增加任何辅助设备的条件下,可以方便地控制数控车床的加工精度,具有使用简便,便于推广等特点。
In this paper, the main factors which affect the working accuracy were analyzed in detail. The moving heat source method was appled to calculate the thermal deformation of workpiece. According to the thermo-elasticity and regressive interpolation, the formula of the thermal deformation of tool was deduced. The error of carrier straightness motion was obtained by using the Error Separation Techniques. With experiment, the thermal deformation of machine tool was studied. Then according to the working error curve which was obtained by the above analyses, the working accuracy of NC-lathe was greatly improved by microcomputer compensation for the working error without any assisting equipment. This method is simple and easy to be applied to turning.
关键词
车削加工
误差分析
误差补偿
微机
Error analysis
Thermal deformation
Error compensation
