摘要
马克思在《资本论》中分析了两种"二重性":一种是"与生俱来的二重性",另一种是"历史地获得的二重性"。"劳动的二重性"属于第一种,商品和资本的"二重性"则属于第二种,前者不能充足地说明后者,对后者的透彻说明须借助拜物教批判理论。劳动二重性学说,只是马克思的"二重性"学说的一部分,而不是全部;马克思的"二重性"学说的精义在于揭示"物"的"社会形式"是如何"历史地获得和叠加"的。马克思的"二重性"学说与"从抽象上升为具体"的方法有着密不可分的内在联系:从"抽象"上升为"具体"的叙述逻辑的任务在于,理论地再现"物""历史地获得和叠加"一定的"社会形式",从而获得其"二重性"这一历史过程。把马克思从"抽象"到"具体"的"上升"逻辑"偷换"为从"具体"到"抽象"的"下降"逻辑,是一种有害的理论倒退。
In his work Das Kapital, Marx analyzed two types of ＂duality＂： ＂inherent duality＂ and ＂historically acquired duality＂. ＂Duality of labor＂ belongs to the first type, while ＂duality of commodity and capital＂ belongs to the second. As the former is not capable of offering a full ac- count of the latter, the critical theory of fetishism must be referred to in the explanation of the latter. The author points out that duality of labor is only part of Marx＇s theory on duality, and its essence lies in unveiling how the ＂social form＂ of ＂material＂ was ＂historically acquired and super- imposed＂. There is a close internal link between Marx＇s duality theory and his approach ＂from the abstract to the specific＂. The logic of this descriptive task from ＂the abstract＂ to ＂the specific＂ is to explain in theory the historical course of how ＂material＂ was ＂historically acquired and superimposed＂ to certain ＂social form＂, so as to gain its ＂nature of duality＂. Replacing Marx＇s logic ＂from the abstract to the specific＂ with the logic ＂from the specific to the abstract＂ is a harmful theoretical retrogression.
出处
《教学与研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2012年第1期19-25,共7页
Teaching and Research
基金
博士后科学基金资助项目"拜物教批判理论与整体马克思"(项目号:20110491554)的阶段性成果
