摘要
槟榔江水牛在云南西部槟榔江上游的腾冲县饲养已有500年以上的历史。该水牛经过长期闭锁繁育和风土驯化,已适应当地亚热带气候环境,是我国发掘的首例本土河流型水牛类群。具有典型的河流型水牛体型外貌特征,但体型相对较小。遗传学分析表明:槟榔江水牛体细胞核型染色体数多为2n=50;其群体内遗传变异水平较高,遗传多样性丰富;该水牛与河流型水牛表现出较近的遗传关系,与沼泽型水牛遗传关系较远;确认在群体遗传组成和血统来源上,该水牛由差异十分明显的河流型和沼泽型两个世系所构成,但河流型水牛世系在该水牛群体中占主体,揭示该水牛存在一定的沼泽型水牛基因渗入。生产性能测定结果显示:该水牛一个泌乳期泌乳量为(2 452.2±553.8)kg,比河流型摩拉和尼里-拉菲水牛高8.4%～15.0%,比沼泽型本地乳用水牛高124.4%～140.3%;且其乳质佳,乳蛋白率和乳脂率分别为4.60%和6.82%。该水牛在2008年经国家畜禽遗传资源委员会颁布为我国遗传资源的牛种之一,发展前景看好,将有望培育成中国首个河流型乳用水牛新品种。
Binglangjiang buffalo （BL] buffalo） has been raising in Tengchong county located in the upper reaches of Binglangjiang river in Yunnan province for more than 500 years. This Variety has been adapted to the local sub-tropieal climate and ecological environment after long time closed breeding and acclimatization. It is the first indigenous river type water buffalo exploited in China. It has typical body figure and appearance of river buffalo, but is relatively smaller in size than the famous river buffalo breeds. The genetic background analysis revealed that most of BLJ buffalo possess the diploid chromosome number of 50 （2n=50） and there were high genetic variability and rich genetic diversity in its population. The genetic relationship between BLJ and river type buffalo was closer than that between BLJ and swamp type buffalo. There were two big distinct lineages identified in BLJ population in which one was river buffalo lineage, another was swamp buffalo lineage, but the lineage and bloodline of river buffalo was dominant. This indicates that there is some gene introgression from swamp type buffalo in the BLJ buffalo. The tes- ting of production performance for BLJ buffalo showed that the milk yield in a lactation is （2 452.2 ± 553.8） kg, which is 8.4%-15% higher than that of river type Murrah and Nili-Ravi and 124. 40% 140.3% higher than that of Chinese local swamp buffalo. Its milk has good quality with protein and milk fat percentage of 4.60% and 6.82%, respectively. In 2008, China National Commission on the Genetic Resource of Animal and Poultry promulgated BLJ buffalo one of buffalo genetic resources in China. This buffalo has a promising future and is expected to be bred as the first new breed of river type milking buffalo in China.
出处
《家畜生态学报》
2011年第6期39-45,共7页
Journal of Domestic Animal Ecology
基金
云南省应用基础研究重点项目(2007C0003Z)
国家自然科学基金项目(30660024)
云南省应用基础研究计划面上项目(2006C0034M)
国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)项目(2008AA101001)
关键词
槟榔江水牛
遗传背景
生产性能
种质特征
BLJ buffalo
genetic background
production performance
germplasm characteristics
