摘要
以秋水仙素为诱变剂,对冬瓜自交系B98、B32和C30二倍体幼苗进行多倍体诱变。结果表明:当秋水仙素浓度为0.2%时,冬瓜的诱变率最高,可达35.2%;经秋水仙素处理后的材料茎长、叶长、叶宽、叶柄长和叶面积的变异系数比对照大,说明秋水仙素可致冬瓜的茎和叶产生显著变异。详细调查了D5代材料与对照的叶面积、节间长和茎粗、瓜形等29个性状。结果表明:多倍体节间长显著变短(幅度达29.30%),茎变粗(幅度达44.68%),叶面积明显增大,叶片变厚,单片叶重显著增加(由34.87 g/片增至41.38 g/片)。多倍体第一雌花节位由第21.47节下降至第14.47节,但每株平均雌花数却显著增加(由4.87朵/株增至6.87朵/株)。多倍体单瓜重及瓜长稍下降,但肉变厚,肉质致密性增加,增幅分别达7.07%和10.56%;单瓜产籽量(重量与籽粒数)下降46%,达显著水平,千粒重不变,而休眠期显著缩短(收种后30 d的发芽率由59.61%提高至85.2%)。利用D5代处理材料与现有优良二倍体自交系进行配组杂交,其F1代表现肉厚、瓜肉比重大、无籽或空瘪籽等优点。
The seedlings of winter gourd were induced by colchicines, and morphology observation and cytology identification of the polyploid seedlings were carried out. The results indicated that the mutation rate could reach 35.2% under 0.2% colchicines treatment. 29 traits of D5 materials and the control were investigated. The results showed that leaf area of the polyploid increased remarkably, and the internode length, stem thickness and leaf weight increased by 29.3%, 44.68% and 18.7%, respectively. The first female flower node was lowered from the previous 21.47 to 14.47. The average number of female flowers per plant increased remarkably. The single gourd weight and length decreased slightly, but the gourd flesh became thicker by 7.07%, the flesh density increased by 10.56%, the seed yield decreased by 46%, （while the dormant period was shortene significantly）. Both the seed yield and seed number of a single polyploid gourd were significantly lower than that of the diploid, while there was no significant change in the weight per 1 000 seeds. The polyploid seed dormant period was shortened significantly. Polyploid BQ98 lines and the normal diploid winter gourd inbreeding line B45 were crossed in spring growing period of 2008. The results showed that in contrast with the corresponding original material-produced F1 generation, the polyploid-involved F1 generation had thicker flesh, bigger flesh density, no seeds or empty seeds.
出处
《热带作物学报》
CSCD
2011年第11期2094-2098,共5页
Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops
基金
农业部行业科技项目子项目(No.nyhyzx07-007)
广东省科技攻关项目(No.2009B020201004)
广州市农业科技项目(No.GZC-QC0802FG06001)
现代农业产业技术体系建设专项
关键词
冬瓜
秋水仙素
多倍体
Winter gourd
Colchines
Polyploidy
