摘要
基于黑龙江省10个农业气象观测站1980～2008年地面观测田平行观测资料和逐日气象资料,运用数理统计方法,分析了研究区影响大豆生产的主要气候要素的时空变化规律以及气候变化对大豆发育和产量的影响。结果表明:研究区总体气候变化表征为暖干化趋势,即热量增加,生长季平均气温升高,无霜期延长,开花至成熟期降水减少,鼓粒至成熟期日照增加,且区域间存在差异,南部地区光热资源增加明显。不同区域、不同发育期,大豆对气候响应均存在差异,总体上,大豆播种期、出苗期和三叶期无明显变化,但西部地区异常提前;开花期呈提前趋势,三叶至开花期间日数缩短,北部和中部缩短明显;结荚期、鼓粒期和成熟期略有提前,增温是导致大豆发育期提前的主要原因之一。在一定阈值内,大豆单产随着生长季平均气温的升高而增加,说明一定程度的增温对大豆产量有正效应。因此,气候暖干化趋势对大豆生产的影响是利弊兼存,在选择品种、引进品种、种植布局等方面应给予重点关注。
According to the 1980-2008 ground parallel observation data and daily meteorological data from 10 agro-meteorological stations in Heilongjiang province,by using the mathematical statistics method,temporal and spatial characteristics of climate changes and its impacts on soybean development and yield were analyzed.The results showed that the climate in the study area trended to become warming-drying,accumulated temperature over 10℃ and average temperature in growth season increased,frost-free period extended,precipitation decreased from bloom to maturity of soybean;sunshine increased from podding to maturity.Light and heat resources increased significantly in the southern region.Soybean response to climate change varied with regions and developmental stages.Planting,emergence and the third leaves period had no significant change,except abnormally advanced in the west;blooming period advanced,hence,the interval from third leaves to blooming shortened,especially in north and middle area;podding,pod-filling and maturity period went ahead slightly,and warming was one of the main factors that advanced the growth of soybean.At a certain threshold,soybean yield increased with the rise of average temperature in the growth season.Consequently,there would be both advantages and disadvantages of climate warming-drying to the soybean production,hence,great importance should be attached for variety selection,introduction and planting pattern of soybean.
出处
《大豆科学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2011年第6期921-926,共6页
Soybean Science
基金
公益性行业(气象)科研专项资助项目(GYHY201106026
GYHY200906019)
关键词
气候变化
大豆
发育期
产量
Climate change
Soybean
Growing period
Yield
