摘要
能源开发利用的变迁过程中,常规化石能源面临资源储量和环境恶化的双重约束,可再生能源可以循环利用、对环境的影响小,有利于能源、经济与环境的可持续发展。本文从制度变迁的视角,分析了制度变迁在能源产业发展中的作用机理。运用新制度经济学中的技术锁定、制度竞争、资源赋存、制度安排、主导价值目标等原理来讨论可再生能源取代化石能源的产业发展路径。得出结论:可再生能源产业发展存在路径依赖。其原因是技术锁定使得可再生能源技术水平在短期内难以获得突破性进展;可再生能源与常规化石能源相比,不具有价格优势;可再生能源资源赋存与消费空间的矛盾,导致短期内还不能以合理的价格获得廉价的可再生能源;与可再生能源制度配套的相关制度安排短期难以建立和完善;目前的技术水平条件下,可再生能源还不能保证经济持续高速发展。本文的研究为政府制定可再生能源产业发展规划及相应的扶持政策提供建议。
During the course of transition of energy exploitation and utilization,use of conventional fossil energy is being faced with dual restraints of limited resources reserve and environmental deterioration.Renewable energy is recyclable and has relatively much less side effect on the environment,which can fulfill the requirements of sustainable development between energy,economy,and the environment.From the perspectives of institutional transition,this study analyzed the mechanism of institutional transition in the development of renewable energy industry using principles of new institutional economics,such as technical constraints,institutional competition,resources hosting,institutional arrangement,and dominant value goal to discuss the emerging industry development path of substitution of renewable energy for conventional fossil energy.However,from the perspectives of institutional transition,path dependence exists in the industry development of renewable energy.Reasons include that 1）technical constraints make it difficult to make breakthrough in the short term;2）renewable energy has no price advantage compared with conventional fossil energy;3）the contradictions between resource hosting and consumption space make it impossible to utilize renewable energy at a reasonable lower price in the short run;4）related institutional arrangement suitable for renewable energy institution has not been developed and improved;and 5）renewable energy cannot guarantee a sustained and rapid economic development at current technology levels.Therefore,it would not completely replace institutional transition.On the basis of above analysis,conclusions can be drawn as follows：1） necessary investments in renewable energy development and utilization technology through R＆D should be increased so as to reduce the energy cost of development and utilization;2）suitable incentive policies for renewable energy should be proposed;and 3）because of the issue of dual constraints of energy and the environment,the most important and urgent thing is that the utilization efficiency of conventional fossil energy should be improved.This study provides a basis for formulating incentive policy for renewable energy industry.Meanwhile,suggestions on the governmental support and planning for renewable energy industry are given.
出处
《资源科学》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2012年第1期50-57,共8页
Resources Science
基金
教育部人文社科研究青年基金项目:"基于博弈模型的可再生能源产业补贴制度设计"(编号:11YJC790021)
中国地质大学(武汉)中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目:"基于博弈模型的生物质能产业补贴制度设计"(编号:CUGW090210)
关键词
可再生能源
路径
制度变迁
技术锁定
制度竞争
Renewable energy； Path； Institution transition； Technical constraints； Institutional competition；
