摘要
自北魏以降,山西佛教蓬勃发展,作为佛教信仰和偶像崇拜而开凿的石窟寺亦遍及全省各地。据不完全统计,全省石窟寺及摩崖造像的地点多达300余处,而晋东南地区又是石窟寺分布最为集中的区域之一,且占有十分重要的地理位置。晋东南是连接两个石窟寺的开凿中心一平城和洛阳的交通要道。因而两京地区的佛教和石窟造像艺术对于这一地区影响是必然的。
The Yangtou-hill cave shrines lie on the southern side of Yangtou Hill at Tuanchi township 23km north of the seat of Gaoping city,Shanxi province.They are cut into numerous hillock-like sandy rocks and distributed quite sparsely in ten areas from the hilltop to the mid slope,totalling nine grottoes and three cliffside niches with images,which can be divided into four periods according to the shape of the caves and the features of the images. The first period comprises Niches E-1,2 and F-3.They were built from Emperor Xiaowendi's late Taihe reign to Xuanwudi's early Jingming reign,Northern Wei dynasty,i. e.around AD499. The second period saw the height of building cave shrines on Yangtou Hill and left behind Grottoes 1,2 and 4—9.Most of the caves have a horizontal rectangular plan,a pyramidal top and three niches in three walls,which often contain images of three Buddhas. These grottoes were opened in the late Northern Wei,about AD516—534. The third period is represented by F-2,4 and 5,all small cliffside niches.Their construction was roughly from the Northern Qi to the Sui period(550—618). The fourth period embraces Grotto 3 and the niches of Areas I and J.These were built from the middle stage of Emperor Gaozong's reign to Xuanzong's reign,Tang period(666— 755). Among the above cave shrines the most important are those of the Northern Wei period. They show close relationship with the Yungang and Longmen Grottoes in the areas of the two capitals(Pingcheng and Luoyang),possessing elements of these caves as well as their own features.Meanwhile,they provide new evidence for revealing the origin of the Tianlongshan Grottoes in Taiyuan.Thus the discovery is of great academic value to studying the spreading route of Buddhist iconography,which can be traced from Yungang to Longmen and further to Tianlongshan.
出处
《考古学报》
CSSCI
北大核心
2000年第1期63-68,共6页
Acta Archaeologica Sinica
