摘要
提出避免逃生通道被堵的方法:构建不少于3条巷道(井),减少全部逃生通道被堵的概率;做到回风巷道(井)无机电设备,减少引爆瓦斯的火源;回风巷道不作行人巷道,减少了瓦斯爆炸等事故造成的人员伤亡。提出氧气呼吸器接力逃生方法:在遇险人员逃生路线上每隔一定距离设置避难硐室,避难硐室内设置氧气呼吸器。提出避难硐室自然降温方法:当构建避难硐室的煤层或岩层温度较低时,可通过避难硐室四周的煤、岩散热,避难硐室既不需要装备制冷设备,也不需要隔热处理;有直通地面钻孔的避难硐室,应由地面送风降温,不必在避难硐室内设置制冷降温装置;避难硐室直通地面的钻孔直径宜为700 mm,这样既增加了逃生通道,又利于地面送风降温。提出抗灾变能力强的管线布置方法:监测监控、人员定位、通信联络系统的电缆和光缆,压风自救和供水施救管路埋入巷道。提出无压气喷淋的避难硐室构建方法。提出了由氧气呼吸器、压缩氧自救器、逃生通道、避难硐室、避灾路线及指示和应急预案等组成的煤矿井下紧急避险系统。
A method of preventing escape tunnel from being blocked was presented：build not less than 3 roadways so as to decrease the probability of all escape channels blocked;make sure of no mechanical electrical equipment existing in ventilation roadway to reduce fire source of detonating gas;ventilation roadway should not play the role of walkway in order to reduce human casualties caused by gas explosion.Put forward a method of relay escape with oxygen breathing apparatus：install refuge chambers which have oxygen breathing apparatus every certain distance in escape channels.A method of naturally reducing temperature of refuge chambers was proposed：refuge chambers can be cooled down by coal rock around them when the coal rock which form the refuge chambers are at lower temperature.In this case,refuge chambers don＇t need installed refrigeration equipment and insulation-treatment.Refrigeration and cooling equipment is unnecessary for refuge chambers which connected with ground through hole,such refuge chambers should be cooled down by supplying air from ground.For the purpose of not only adding a escape tunnel,but also contribute to cooling down the temperature by air come from ground.The diameter of hole which connected refuge chambers with ground should be 700 mm.Raised a method of arranging pipeline which has a strong ability of anti-disaster：the electric cables and optical cables in monitoring system,personnel position system,communication system,and the pipelines in compressed-air self-help system,water rescue system should be all buried in channel.A method of constructing refuge chambers with no compressed air spray was brought forward.Put forward emergency refuge system in undergroundcoal mine which composed of oxygen breathing apparatus,compressed oxygen self-rescuers,escape channels,refuge chambers,escaping routes and indications,emergency plan.
出处
《煤炭学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2011年第11期1890-1894,共5页
Journal of China Coal Society
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(51074169)
教育部博士点基金资助项目(200802900008
20090023110008)
关键词
煤矿
紧急避险
逃生通道
氧气呼吸器
避难硐室
自救器
coal mine
emergency refuge
escape channel
oxygen breathing apparatus
refuge chamber
self-rescuer
