2Kaudsen K, Suarkula MB, Blomberg S, et al. Central nervous and cardiovaseulan effects of iv infusions of ropivacaine, bupivacaine and place-bo cular in volunteers[J].Br J Anaesth, 1997 ;78:504-7.
3Karmakar MK,Ho AM,Law BK,et al. Arterial and venous pharmacok inetics of ropivacaine with and without epinephrine after thoracic paravertebral block [ J ]. Anesthesioligy,2005 ; 103 ( 4 ) : 704 -11.
4Klimscha W,Weinstabl C,Ilias W,et al.Continuous spinal anesthesia with a microcatheter and low-dose bupivacaine decreases the hemodynamic effects of centroneuraxis blocks in elderly patients.Anesth Analg,1993,77:275-280.
5Favarel Garrigues JF,Sztark F,Petitjean ME,et al.Hemodynamic effects of spinal anesthesia in the elderly:single dose versus titration through a catheter.Anesth Analg,1996,82:312-316.
4Buyse I,Stockman W,Columb M,et al.Effect of sufentanil on minimum local analgesic concentrations of epidural bupivaeaine, ropivacaine and levobupivacaine in nullipara in early labour[J].Int J Obstet Anesth, 2007,16 (1) : 22- 28.
5Debon R, Allaouchiche B, Duflo F, et al. The analgesic effect of sufentanil combined with ropivacaine 0. 2 for labor analgesia:a comparison of three sufentanil doses[J]. Anesth Analg, 2001,92(1) : 180- 183.
6Arkoosh VA, Palmer CM, Yun EM, et al.A randomized, doub lemasked, multicenter co-mparison of the safety of continuous, intrathecal labor analgesia using a 28-gauge catheter versus continuous epidural labor analgesia [J]. Anesthesiology, 2008,108(2) : 286- 298.
7Policy LS, Columb MO, Naughton NN, et al. Relative analgesic potencies of levobupivacaine and ropivacaine for epi- dural analgesia in labor [ J ]. Anesthesiology, 2003, 99 ( 6 ) : 1354-1358.
8Casati A, Santorsola R, Aldegheri G, et al. Intraoperative epidural anesthesia and postoperative analgesia with levobupivaeaine for major orthopedic surgery:a double-blind, randomized comparison of racemic bupivacaine and ropivacaine[J].J Clin Anesth, 2003,15 (2) : 126- 131.
9Minville V, Fourcade O,Grousset D, et al. Spinal anesthesia using single injection small-dose bupivacaine versus continuous catheter injection techniques for surgical repair of hip fracture in elderly patients [J].Anesth Analg, 2006, 102 (5) : 1559- 1563.