摘要
病毒是许多人及重要经济动、植物病患的病原。一些病毒在环境中可因条件不同而生存数小时到数月,并在水、气、士中迁移达若干公里。现有的污水处理方法对病毒,特别是肠道病毒效果欠佳,土地处置原污泥以及污水灌溉的水果和蔬菜能传播人肠道病毒。即使小至一个组织培养的感染剂量(病毒)也可引起人的疾病,因此对环境介质中,特别是饮水和食物中的少量病毒的去除也是重要的。现有的指示物不能确切地指示粪便污染,更不能充分反映人肠道病毒的污染。大肠菌噬菌体在地表水、地下水和污水中比人肠道病毒更呈持久性,还有许多适于选择分析技术特有性能,因此很可能在一定条件下用它作人肠道病毒的指示物。作者对我国今后需要开展的研究提出了建议。
Viruses are responsible for a variety of diseases in human bodies as well as animals and plants of economic importance. Depending on environmental conditions, many of these viruses can survive in environmental media for several hours to several months.This can result in water, soil and aerial dissemination of such infectious agents over distances of several kilometers. Studies show that such viruses, at least of enteric nature which are shed in feces, can easily survive under present methods of sewage treatment.Raw sludge land disposal can present a risk of human illness through enteric virus contamination of market fruits and vegetables harvested from sewage-irrigated fields. Because as little as one tissue-culture infectious dose of virus may cause an infection in humans, it is im portant to eliminate even minute numbers of these microorganisms from environmental me dia, especially drinking water and food. Current indicators are not accurate monitors of fecal pollution and do not adequately reflect the presence of human enteric viruses. Coli phages are readily recovered from stwage from all parts of the world. In most cases, the persistence of coliphages in surface water, groundwater and sewage is greater than that of human enteric viruses and enteric bacteria. Coliphages have a number of unique characteristics which permit selective analytical techniques. In some ways, coliphages may serve as indicators when assessing the likely fate of human enteric viruses. Further research needs concerning the ecology of virus in China has been suggested by the author.
出处
《应用生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
1990年第3期277-286,共10页
Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology
关键词
病毒生态
环境介质
Enterovirus, Coliphage, Sewage sludge, Aerosol, Groundwater.
