摘要
为了解西藏地区牦牛品种或类群的遗传多样性和亲缘关系,本研究从33个RAPD多态性引物中筛选出8个条带清晰且多态性丰富的引物对西藏地区的巴青牦牛、类乌齐牦牛、丁青牦牛、桑日牦牛、工布江达牦牛、江达牦牛、康布牦牛、桑桑牦牛、嘉黎牦牛、帕里牦牛、斯布牦牛等11个类群的核基因组DNA进行了RAPD分析,并用Nei氏标准距离和UPGMA聚类法分析了类群间的亲缘关系。结果表明:(1)西藏牦牛类群的遗传多样性指数变异范围在0.185 7～0.405 3之间,其中帕里牦牛最小(0.185 7),说明相对较纯,群体较整齐;而工布江达牦牛最大(0.405 3),显示该群体内部具有较多的遗传变异。(2)在11个类群中,其遗传多样性指数大小分别为:工布江达牦牛(0.405 3)>江达牦牛(0.353 6)>斯布牦牛(0.344 8)>康布牦牛(0.342 8)>嘉黎牦牛(0.332 3)>桑日牦牛(0.282 3)>巴青牦牛(0.279 3)>桑桑牦牛(0.269 8)>丁青牦牛(0.259 7)>类乌齐牦牛(0.224 1)>帕里牦牛(0.185 7),具有西藏东部牦牛类群遗传多样性相对较高,而西部牦牛类群遗传多样性相对较低的趋势,预示着西藏东部可能是牦牛的起源地之一。(3)遗传距离构建的分子聚类关系图表明:西藏11个牦牛类群可分为2大类,帕里牦牛(PL)为一类,其余10个牦牛类群为另一类。综上所述,西藏牦牛具有较丰富的遗传多样性,品种或种群内的遗传分化显著,这是西藏牦牛业持续发展和牦牛适应外界环境的遗传基础,是将来培养牦牛新品种或品系的重要基因资源;西藏牦牛品种可分为2大类群。
To understand the genetic diversity of Yak populations from Tibetan and the relationship among them,a total of 33 polymorphic primers were used in RAPD analysis in 11 populations including Baqing Yak,Leiwuqi Yak,Dingqing Yak,Sangri Yak,Gongbujiangda Yak,Jiangda Yak,Kangbu Yak,Sangsang Yak,Jiali Yak,Pali Yak,Sibu Yak,8 of them were selected for RAPD analysis of DNA of 11 Yak populations.Genetic distance indexes among breeds and genetic similarity indexes within breeds were calculated by Nei and the phylogenetic tree was constructed by UPGMA cluster analysis.The result showed that genetic diversity index of Tibet yak breeds or groups varied between 0.185 7 and 0.405 3.Among them Pali Yak was 0.185 7,which indicated that Pali Yak was relatively pure,the group was neat.And Gongbujiangda Yak was 0.405 3,which displayed that group internal have more variations.In 11 breeds or groups,the genetic diversity index respectively were： Gongbujiangda Yak（0.405 3）Jiangda Yak（0.353 6） Sibu Yak（0.344 8）Kangbu Yak（0.342 8）Jiali Yak（0.332 3）Sangri Yak（0.282 3）Baqing Yak（0.279 3）Sangsang（0.269 8）Dingqing Yak（0.259 7）Leiwuqi Yak（0.224 1）Pali Yak（0.185 7）.The eastern Tibet yak breeds or groups had higher genetic diversity,and the western Tibet yak had lower genetic diversity,which indicated that eastern Tibet may be the origin of yak.The molecular clustering relationship chart showed that Tibet 11 yak breeds or groups could be divided into two clusters.Pali Yak was a cluster,the others were another cluster.The result indicate that Tibet yak have abundant genetic diversity and significant genetic difference among the breeds or groups.
出处
《畜牧兽医学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2011年第10期1380-1386,共7页
ACTA VETERINARIA ET ZOOTECHNICA SINICA
基金
西藏自治区重点科研项目计划资助(20092-1)
