摘要
在天然降雨条件下,通过3茬蔬菜(苋菜、青菜、茄子)的田间小区试验,研究了不施肥、单施化肥、优化施肥(化肥有机肥配施)、单施有机肥、增施氮肥、增施磷肥6种施肥模式对蔬菜的产量、植株氮素累积量、氮肥利用率及氮随地表径流流失的影响。结果表明,与不施肥相比,其它5种施肥模式可分别提高产量93.55%,103.74%,96.68%,130.78%,136.04%;不同施肥模式下,通过地表径流流失的总氮量为68.11～92.10kg/hm2,与单施化肥相比,单施有机肥和优化施肥可分别使地表径流总氮流失量减小4.67%和2.02%,增施氮肥和增施磷肥可使地表径流总氮流失量在优化施肥的基础上增加10.53%和8.28%。因此在蔬菜的施肥上应改进肥料的配比,在施N量和施P量保持稳定的条件下,增加有机肥的施用比例,减少化肥的施用比例,将能有效降低菜地氮的排放。
Field plot trials with amaranth,brassica chinensis,and eggplant involving 6 different fertilization schemes including non-fertilizer,chemical fertilizer,optimal fertilizer（combined chemical fertilizer and organic manure）,organic manure,increased N fertilizer,increased P fertilizer,were conducted under natural rain-fed condition to investigate the effects of the fertilization schemes on yield,as well as N accumulation,nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate,and loss of N by surface runoff.The results show that compared with non-fertilizer,the other 5 fertilization models can increased yield of 93.55%,103.74%,96.68%,130.78% and 136.04%,respectively.With different fertilization,the loss of total N by surface runoff varied between 68.11~92.10 kg/hm2.Compared with the chemical fertilization,organic fertilization and optimum fertilization could decreased total N loss by 4.67% and 2.02% respectively.Compared with the optimal fertilizer,increasing N and P fertilizer could increase the amount of total N loss respectively by 10.53% and 8.28%.Therefore,the fertilizer ratio should be improved to effectively reduce nitrogen loss on vegetable lands.With steady inputs of N and P,organic fertilizer should be increased while chemical fertilizer should be reduced.
出处
《水土保持通报》
CSCD
北大核心
2011年第5期54-58,共5页
Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation
基金
国家自然科学基金重点项目"农村发展中生态环境管理研究"(70833001)
关键词
施肥模式
产量
氮素累积量
氮肥利用率
氮流失
fertilization mode
yield
nitrogen accumulation
nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate
nitrogen loss
