摘要
目的 调查分析三氯乙烯（trichlororethylene，TCE）所致职业性TCE中毒和职业性TCE药疹样皮炎病例的人群特征、工种分布，为预防提供依据。方法回顾分析2002至2009年确诊的三氯乙烯所致职业病患者的年龄、性别、行业、工种、工龄、作业现场浓度等冈素。结果2002至2009年东莞市共发生82例TCE所致职业病病例，死亡8例，病死率为9．8％。其中职业性急性TCE中毒12例（女8例，男4例；轻度中毒9例，重度中毒3例），占14．6％，死亡3例，死亡率为25．0％；职业性TCE药疹样皮炎70例（男37例，女33例），占85．4％，死亡5例，死亡率为7．1％。12例职业性急性TCE中毒患者中，清洗工11人（占91．7％），打枪水：【1人（占8．3％）；T龄最短3d，最长450d。70例职业性TCE药疹样皮炎患者的丁种分布为清洗T29例（占41．4％）、挂件工12例（17．1％）、洗板T8例（11．4％）、涂装T5例（7．1％）、打枪水T4例（5．7％）、其他工种12例（17．1％）；工龄最短1d，最长50d。结论东莞市TCE所致职业病有职业性TCE中毒和TCE药疹样皮炎，以TCE药疹样皮炎为主。以清洗丁种工人发病为主。TCE药疹样皮炎可治难防，应加强对新进工人的早期监测。
Objective To understand the demographic, occupational and clinic characteristics of occupational poisioning case due to trichloroethylene in Dongguan in recent years for the purpose of prevention. Methods Using the trichloroethylene patients of poisioning diagnosed in the years between 2002 to 2009 as subjects, their age, sex, industry, job, working duration and exposure level were analysed. Results In Dongguan between 2002 and 2009 altogether 82 cases were reported, among the 82 cases 8 patients were dead with case fatality rate of 9.8%. among them there were 12 cases of poisionings （8 females ,4 males）; 9 cases were classified as mild poisonings and the rest serious ones, among the 12 cases 3 patients were dead with case fatality rate of 25.0%; Dermatitis caused by TCE there were 70 cases （37 males and 33 females）, among the 70 cases 5 patients were dead with ease fatality rate of 7.1%. 11 persons （91.7%） were engaged in the job of cleaning and 1 （8.3%） in water gun, and they performed the job only for 3 days in shortest and for 450 days in longest. The eases were distributed in the jobs as the following： 29 （41.4%）, 12 （ 17.1% ）, 8 （ 11.4% ）, 5 （7.1% ）, 4 （5.7%）, cases respectively in the job of cleaning, parts hanging, board washing, painting, gun water sprying; a job duation of 1-50 d （27.4 days in average）. Conclusion In summary the TCE poisonings in Dongguan were two types of poisioning, i.e., systmatic poisonings and drug rash-like dermatitis, occupational TCE poisionings took place mainly in the cleaning workers. Dermatitis caused by TCE can cure but hard to prevent, we should strengthen the early examination of new works.
出处
《中华劳动卫生职业病杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2011年第10期770-772,共3页
Chinese Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases
关键词
三氯乙烯
皮炎
职业性
中毒
Tichloroethylene
Dermatitis, occupational
Poisoning
