摘要
以往对于问卷调查精度的探讨通常局限在"访问员""受访者"或"研究者"的三维关系当中,或专门针对问卷本身进行技术改良,很少注意到与这三者紧密相关的社会环境因素。以人为客体的社会领域研究不同于自然科学,势必会受到社会环境因素的干扰。而在问卷调查过程当中,影响调查精度最深的社会性因素是行政管理结构,这一结构性因素贯穿于问卷调查的始末,在这一结构作用下,行政管理者可以依附结构力量,能动地对问卷调查的结果产生影响,引导问卷结果偏向更加有利的一面,通过对以往研究过程当中所遇到的此类现象进行综合分析,总结出行政管理者所采用的四种能动性影响方式,从而探讨其对问卷调查的影响。最终,将这一影响问卷调查结果的现象称为"结构—能动性干扰",并认为这一因素可能造成问卷结果在很大程度上会偏离真实,而对这一问题的解决,难以简单从以往三维关系或问卷技术改良上得到改善。
In the past, the study of survey accuracy is usually limlted to the tt^ree- almenslonal relationship, the interviewers, respondents and researchers, or specialized technical improvement for the questionnaire itself, but researchers pay little attention to the social factors working closely with these areas. This paper argues that the particularity of the research objects make social research different from the natural sciences, certainly it will be affected by the interference from the social environment factors. In the questionnaire survey process, the most of the social impact survey accuracy factor is the administrative structure, and this structural factors effect can be throughout the whole process. Administrators can be attached to this structural strength, so they can use their initiative or agency to impact on the results of the survey through this structure, and make the questionnaire results tend to their side. This paper tries to describe and comprehensive analysis this phenomenon, explore how the administrators can impact on the survey, and summarizes their initiative methods. Ultimately, this paper called this impact phenomenon in the survey as ＂ structure- agency interference＂, and considered this interference may cause the questionnaire results in a large extent deviating from the truth, but this problem is difficult to solve it just simple from the previous three--dimensional relationship or improving on the technical improvement.
出处
《统计与信息论坛》
CSSCI
2011年第8期3-10,共8页
Journal of Statistics and Information
关键词
问卷调查
精度
行政管理结构
能动性
questionnaire survey
accuracy
administrative structure
agency
