摘要
本文从宏观角度考察了长江流域森林变迁的历史过程。作者认为，在中全新世初期，长江流域的森林植被覆盖状况相当良好；新石器时代以来稻作农业的开展，首先使流域平原地带的森林趋于消失；三世纪以降，旱作农业的兴盛又导致丘陵低山地带的天然森林逐渐枯竭；十五世纪开始，伴随着玉米等美洲作物的迅速传播，中高山地地带的天然森林急剧萎缩。此外，矿冶烧煮等人类活动和自然灾异也是长江流域森林遭破坏的重要方面。
This Paper inquires into the history Of the forest chfanges in the Yangtze River basin. The author considers that there was a dense forest in the basin in the early part of the middle Holocene poch, and the rate of forest cover amounted to nearly 80%; with the development of the hoegrowing from the Neolithic age (equal to the middle Holocene epoch) on, the plain forest wastending to disappear firstly, and the cover rate declined to abbot 70 %: from 3rd century on, thehill and low mountain forest was gradually exhausted as a result of developing the dry land farming, and the cover rate went down to less than 40 %; the shrinkage of the forest in the middle andhigh mountains was sharp along with the America crops such as corn and potato spreading quicklysince 15th century, and the cover rate, up to the mid - 1900s, had dropped to 16%. The causeof the forest being destroyed, besides the farming, was composed of the traditional industries, e.g. metallurgy, cooking salts and baking potteries, porcelains, bricks, limes, etc., the construction of houses, the fuel for everyday use, the handicraft and sideline productions, the cutting forbusiness and the wars, the climate changes , the insect pest.
出处
《中国农史》
CSSCI
北大核心
1999年第4期3-14,共12页
Agricultural History of China
基金
国家社会科学基金!99BZS017
