摘要
地面实际蒸散发量（ Ｅ，以下简称蒸发） 及降水（ Ｐ） 是估算水资源各分量的两个重要物理量，本文利用１９５１ ～１９９５ 年各年、月华北地区共２６ 个气象站的月降水（ Ｐ） 和月气温（ Ｔ）观测资料，依据高桥浩一郎的陆面实际蒸散发经验公式（ 以下简称高桥公式） ，计算了华北地区地面蒸发（ Ｅ） 和可利用的降水，即降水减蒸发（ Ｐ－ Ｅ） 等水资源有关的主要物理量，从大气可提供的水资源部分初步分析了华北地区水资源的时间和区域变化特征。文中还用其它方法对地面实际蒸发量的估算结果，讨论了用高桥公式计算地面蒸发量的可用性，认为由这一方法所得到的结果无论在定性和定量方面都是有参考价值的，但在研究华北地区水量平衡问题时必须考虑地下水的使用状况。
The evaporation from ground surface ( E ) and precipitation ( P ) are two important factors for estimating the water resource. Using the evaporation equation by Takahashi, the evaporation ( E ) and utilizable rainfall ( P-E ) over North China have been calculated and analysed. The datasets for research are the monthly precipitation and temperature at 26 stations over North China during the period of 1951～1995. The characteristics of temporal and spatial variation for every component of water resource have been examined. The results have been compared with energy balance and hydrological methods for assessing the applicability of Takahashi's evaporation equation. If the use of ground water has been taken into account, a qualitative and quantitative consistent result for calculating water balance over ground surface could be obtained.
出处
《高原气象》
CSCD
北大核心
1999年第4期552-556,共5页
Plateau Meteorology
基金
中国科学院"九.五"重大应用基础研究项目
