摘要
对水稻、小麦、玉米、油菜、蚕豆六种作物盆栽试验和化学分析的结果证明,紫色土中的交换态锌,有机结合态锌和三氧化二物结合态锌为“易效性锌”,它们都是有效锌的重要来源;碳酸盐结合态锌和残余态锌为难溶性锌。但不同形态锌可以相互转化。钙质紫色土最缺锌(有效锌0.4～0.6ppm),中性紫色土轻度缺锌(0.5～0.8ppm),酸性紫色土是富锌土壤(1.0～3.2ppm)。对缺锌最敏感和施锌增产效应最高的作物是水稻,增产效应中等的是玉米、油菜和蚕豆,增产效应很小或无效的是小麦和大麦。土壤缺锌程度和作物对缺锌的敏感性是合理施用锌肥的科学依据。因此,锌肥应优先用于缺锌的钙质紫色土和水稻等作物。在稻—麦(油)轮作中,小麦,油菜可利用水稻锌肥的后效,不必再施锌肥。
Pot experiments and chemical analyses show that the purple soil exchangeable form zinc, organic combined form zinc and oxidized form zinc, belongs to the category of 'easily effective zinc' which are the important sources of available zinc, whereas the carbonate combined form and residual form zinc are slightly soluble zinc, but these five forms may be transformed each other. Calcareous purple soil is highly deficient in zinc(its available concentration zinc being 0.4-0.6ppm); Neutrial purple soil is slightly deficient in zinc(0.5-0.8ppm), whereas acidic purple soil is rich in zinc(1.0-3.2ppm). Among the six tested crops, rice is the most susceptible one to zinc-deficiency and the highest yield response to zinc fetilization. Wheat and barley have a least or ineffective response in yield increase to zinc fertilization, corn, rape and broad bean are a medium type between them. Reasonable application of zinc fertilizer should be based on the degree of zinc-deficiency of soil and the susceptibility to zinc-deficiency of different calcareous purple soil and zinc-susceptible crops such as rice perferably. In case of a rice-wheat (rape) rotation system wheat or rape can exploit the residual effect of zinc fertilizer supplied to rice, it is not necessary to apply zinc fertilizers again.
出处
《西南农业大学学报（自然科学版）》
CSCD
1990年第6期587-595,共9页
Journal of Southwest Agricultural University
关键词
作物
锌
营养
紫色土
供锌机制
purple soil
zinc
nutrition (biology)
mechanism
