摘要
目的：研究无铅汽油对儿童血铅水平的影响。方法对上海市5个区县30所幼托机构1972名1-6岁儿童进行了推广使用无铅汽油前和后的血铅水平抽样调查。血铅测定采用我们已经建立的末梢血纸片法原子吸收分光光谱测定方法。结果上海市儿童血铅水平几何均数在推广无铅汽油前的1997年为83μg/L，推广无铅汽油后的1998年为80μg/L，两者比较差异有显著意义（t＝2.2190，P＜0.05）。超过目前国际公认的儿童铅中毒诊断标准（100μg/L的比例也由使用无铅汽油前的37.8％（744／1969）下降到25.7％（506／1972）（X2＝66.8973，P＜0.01）。徐汇区、静安区、杨浦区、嘉定区儿童血铅水平几何均数下降幅度分别为6μg/L、4μg/L、4μg/L及1μg/L，崇明县无明显改变。结论推广使用无铅汽油可降低儿童的血铅水平，但下降的幅度并不十分大。证明使用含铅汽油是造成儿童铅暴露的一个重要因素，但可能不是唯一的因素但同时也说明推广使用无铅汽油并不是预防儿童铅中毒的唯一措施。
Objective To detrmine the blood lead levels of children before and after the introduction of lead free gasoline in Shanghai. Methods We measured the blood lead levels in 1972 children in Shanghai before the introduction of lead free gasoline in Shanghai The blood lead levels of those children were re-determined 6 months after the leaded gasoline was phased out. Results After leaded gasoline was phased out, geometric mean of blob lead levels was decreased significantly from 83 μg/L to 80μg/L. The prevalence rate of childhood lead poisoning (bled lead level equal to or more than 100μg/L) decreased from 37.8% to 25.7%. The introduction of lead be gasoline could decrease children's bled lead levels in Shanghai However, the magnitude of decrease is not as great as expected, suggesting that more environmental interventions, such as industry emission control, are needed to prevent childhood lead poisoning.
出处
《中华医学杂志》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
1999年第10期739-741,共3页
National Medical Journal of China
