摘要
从历史的角度探讨了黑河中游水资源开发利用与管理的演变过程.辨别了历史上不同时期黑河中游水资源管理的状况,分析了兴衰的原由,探讨了水资源管理演变的趋势、特征以及存在的问题,总结了历史上可资借鉴的经验,说明资源管理问题与社会问题和其他问题相互之间是不断转化的,对策措施集合也是不断调整的.简要论述了部分历史经验在建立水资源利用公平体系、确保生态用水、提高政府对水资源的调控能力、限制地下水资源开采中的借鉴意义.
An evolutionary research on the water resources utilization and management in the middle reaches of Heihe River is presented in this paper.At an epistemological level,evolutionary research can expand analytic view and provide some useful lessons that should be advocated and absorbed in the research of ecological economics.The aim of this paper is not to present the essential characteristics and give detailed explanation of the evolutionary of water resources use system in the Heihe River,but also to present a whole picture that provide some useful information that can not be get from the snapshot of current condition of water resources utilization and management. The evolutionary process of water resources utilization and management is related with the rise and fall of irrigation agriculture.In the paper,five important stages in the evolutionary process of water resources utilization and management in the Heihe River are identified.Before Western-Han Dynasty,the water use practice was to dredge up the silt to form cultivated land.The irrigation agriculture was initiated from the period of the Western-Han Dynasty.From the Western-Han Dynasty to the Ming Dynasty,the water resources were not the limited factor of economic development,the management practice mainly focused on land.During the Ming and Qing Dynasties,the demand of water resources increased owing to the growth of population.Water allocation became a focus problem,and some water allocation schemes had been recorded in the history documents.One important water allocation scheme performed for three hundred years was drawn up by General Nian Genyao during Qing Dynasty.From the establishment of the People＇s Republic of China to 21st century,the water shortage has become a mainly limited factor and its influence scope extended to ecological system.The central government takes many countermeasures to alleviate the effect of water shortage,such as controlling water price and water right mechanism.Since the 21st century,the local government has begun to build water saving society to adapt the water shortage. At the last,some experiences and lessons about the evolutionary process of water resources utilization and management are summed up systematically,and their efficiency in the future development efforts is discussed simply.
出处
《冰川冻土》
CSCD
北大核心
2011年第3期692-701,共10页
Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(4090129240971291)
中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目群(KZCX2-YW-Q10-04)资助
关键词
水资源开发利用与管理
演变过程
经验
黑河中游
water resources utilization and management
evolutionary process
experience and lesson
the middle reaches of Heihe River
