摘要
本文从黄河流域的地质与地理、气象与气候、水文与泥沙、植被与土壤，以及人文与人口等方面综述了下游地上悬河与断流的环境地学背景，并从洪水与堤防、决口与改道、分流与运河，以及悬河与断流等方面分析了黄河下游河道变迁和现状问题。当前，为解决黄河缺水断流、洪水威胁和环境恶化等问题，应及时调整黄河中、上游国土整治对策，其中包括遵从自然规律、调整水土保持思路、倡导就地储水、遏制地面蒸发、控制沟谷发育及全面推进小流域治理。从环境地学的层次和地表系统动力学的高度来看，只要真正重视黄河与黄土相伴的自然特征，以确保流域土地资源的数量和质量为立足点，以自力、自助、自救解决流域的水资源问题为出发点，就能开拓国土整治的新思路，并能提出使人地关系协调和资源环境可持续利用的治黄方略。
In this paper, a comprehensive description of the environmental geoscience background of the hanging river and the streamflow break in the lower reaches of the Yellow River is made from a combination of geology and geography, meteorology and climatology,hydrology and sediment,vegetation and soil,as well as human and population. The history of the change of course of the Lower Yellow River and its present state are analysed from an integration of flood and dam defence,dam breach and change of course,distributary and canal,as well as hanging river and flow break. It is proposed that countermeasures against water depletion and the resulting streamflow break flood,environmental deterioration etc. be immediately taken to improve the land in the Middle and Upper Yellow River Valley including observation of the natural law,reorientation of thoughts on water/soil conservation increase of local ponds to impound water control of surface evaporation and gully/valley development and stream harnessing.
出处
《地质力学学报》
CSCD
1999年第4期1-10,共10页
Journal of Geomechanics
基金
原地质矿产部"九五"重点基础项目(编号:9501113)
国家攀登预选项目(编号:95-预-40)
中国科学院"九五"重大项目(编号:KZ951-A1-402-04)
关键词
黄河
环境地学
国土整治
治黄方略
Yellow River
environmental geoscience
land improvement
scheme of Yellow River control
